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41.
Novel techniques have recently emerged to separate chiral drug compounds into pure enantiomers. The mechanism, experimental difficulties, and applicability of these methods can vary greatly, and the choices involved are not straightforward. The most significant new advances in the field of chiral separations have come from work done with liquid chromatographic systems and chiral stationary-phase columns. This review describes several commonly used approaches to chiral separation, diastereomeric derivatization, chiral mobile-phase additives, and three major types of chiral stationary phases. Although no single method can be judged superior for every drug application, it appears that chiral stationary phases have received the most attention recently and they are emphasized here. 相似文献
42.
Purpose. To obtained rate constants from weight-averaged (Mw) or z-averaged (Mz) molecular weights for polymers of Schule-Flory distribution and undergoing random scission. These constants were compared with those obtained by parallel 1HNMR studies.
Methods. The hydrolysis of two poly(ortho ester)s were followed by 1HNMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Results. Equations to convert number-averaged (Mn), Mw and Mz into fraction of backbone remaining (fc) were derived. First-order hydrolytic rate constants of two poly(ortho ester)s; DETOSU-HD and DETOSU-CDM were calculated using these relationships. The rate constants calculated from 1HNMR, Mz and Mw were 0.215, 0.218 and 0.182 hr–1, respectively, for DETOSU-CDM and 0.152, 0.086 and 0.038 hr–l for DETOSU-HD. The large discrepancy in the rates determined by 1HNMR and GPC in the latter case was attributed to that the detector response (refractive index) of the monomers was lower than that of the high molecular weight polymer. The difference is small in the case of DETOSU-CDM, and the rates calculated from GPC data were comparable or nearly identical to that obtained from 1HNMR data.
Conclusions. Although GPC can yield rapid and valuable kinetic data for the degradation of biodegradable polymers, the system, however, must be carefully calibrated to account for the variations in Mark-Houwink coefficients and in the response of the mass detector between the high and low MW polymers. 相似文献
43.
44.
气相色谱用于肠通透性监测的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者采用国产气相色谱及9202微机数据处理系统,对临床患者和实验动物肠通透性改变进行监测。该方法以甘露醇(M)和乳果糖(L)为探针,用气相色谱检测尿中糖分泌率及L/M比值。结果显示,测定标准品M和L随进样量增加而呈线性改变,与国外学者报道一致。比较不同浓度进口与国产乳果糖,证明二者在研究肠通透性方面高度相关(r=0.99)。检测急性胰腺炎并发感染动物的尿标本,发现乳果糖大量排出,L/M值明显增加。作者认为,气相色谱为一行之有效的方法用于肠通透性监测,有助于临床上对内源性感染及脓毒症的早期诊断。 相似文献
45.
Changes in the content of the opiate peptide Met-enkephalin at the early stages of immune response are studied in different
structures of rats brain 20 min and 24 h after immunization with sheep erythrocytes.
Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 170–172, February, 1997 相似文献
46.
胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定复方酮康唑霜中酮康唑和特美呋的含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:毛细管电泳法测定酮康唑霜中酮康唑和特美味的含量。方法:分离缓冲液为胆汁酸钠(70 mmol/L)-三羟甲基氨基甲烷-磷酸(50 mmol/L)(pH 8.14),分离电压30 kV、温度25 C、50 μm(内径)×48.5cm(有效长度40cm)空心熔融石英毛细管柱、检测波长240nm。结果:以丙酸睾酮为内标,酮康唑质量浓度在140.5~702.5 μg/ml、特美呋质量浓度在151~755μg/ml之间成良好的线性关系;加样回收率分别为95.4%~103.9%、95.9%~102.6%,RSD%分别为2.8%~4.2%(n=3)、2.9%~3.6%。结论:本法简便、快速、可靠,可用于该复方制剂中酮康唑及特美呋的含量测定。 相似文献
47.
Summary. Divers have worked at 500 m depth in the sea and have reached 700 m in simulated chamber dives. A prerequisite for this has been extensive physiological studies of the body's reactions to pressure and pressure changes. This paper reviews such physiological and pathophysiological studies with emphasis on recent developments. 相似文献
48.
Jaroslav Salamoun Jo
rg Remien 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》1992,10(10-12):931-936
The inhibiting compounds were separated by micro-column liquid chromatography in the mobile phase containing the natural substrate acetylcholine. A home-made packed bed microbioreactor system containing immobilized enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in human red blood cell membrane and choline oxidase (CHO) from alcaligenes was used for the post-column conversion of acetylcholine to hydrogen peroxide which was detected by an electrochemical detector. The inhibition effect of the solutes caused a decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity, a decrease in the formation of hydrogen peroxide and also a decrease in the response corresponding to the concentration of the solutes. The rate of the enzyme regeneration was also recorded. The micro-system was compared with a conventional LC system comprising commercially prepared enzyme reactor. The stability of the enzymes is at least 3 weeks at ambient temperature. The limit of detection depends on biological activity of inhibition and for galanthamine was 1 pmol. 相似文献
49.
采用气相色谱法,以尼莫地平为内标测定钙拮抗剂异硝苯地平。方法简便快速,结果准确可靠。回收率99.78%,相对标准偏差0.43%,符合定量测定的要求。 相似文献
50.
F. BRUNET J. P. MIRA C. CERF M. BELGHITH O. SOUBRANE J. L. TERMIGNON† B. RENAUD L. FIEROBE I. HAMY M. MONCHI E. DESLANDE A. BRUSSET† J. F. DHAINAUT 《Artificial organs》1994,18(11):826-832
Abstract: This open clinical study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that an intravascular oxygenator (IVOX) may help to perform permissive hypoventilation in 10 patients with severe ARDS. After initial evaluation, we tried to reduce ventilator settings before and after IVOX implantation. Before IVOX, poor clinical tolerance and worsening oxygenation did not allow for a significant decrease in ventilator settings. With IVOX, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was reduced from 47 to 39 cm H2 O (p = 0. 005) and minute ventilation from 13 ± 3. 5 to 11 ± 3 L/min. CO2 removal by IVOX allowed a significant decrease in Paco2 from 66 ± 15 to 59 ± 13 mm Hg. Improvement of oxygenation with IVOX was not signify cant. Furthermore, interruption of oxygen flow through IVOX did not change oxygenation variables. Tolerance of the IVOX device was good, but insertion of the device was followed by a significant decrease in both cardiac index and pulmonary wedge pressure. In conclusion, IVOX improves tolerance of hypoventilation by limiting hypercapnia in ARDS patients. These preliminary results must be confirmed by a randomized controlled study 相似文献