Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure,function, and inhibition

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero-dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.     

医药类高校科技成果转化管理机制对转化绩效的影响分析——以江苏省四所高校为例

目的:了解医药类高校科技成果转化管理机制对转化绩效的影响。方法:便利抽样,选取江苏省四所医药类高校(南京中医药大学、南京医科大学、中国药科大学、徐州医科大学)的413位科研人员进行问卷调查。结果:投入机制、评价机制、环境特征、激励机制与科技成果转化绩效呈正相关关系,而运行机制、个体特征对医药类院校科技成果转化绩效无显著性影响。结论:应完善多渠道、多元化的科技成果转化的投入机制,加大科技成果转化的激励力度,积极发挥评价机制的引领作用,并优化医药类高校科技成果转化的外部条件。     

甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水     

丝光沸石催化剂上正己烷异构化反应机理

以轻质烷烃异构化中试放大用的丝光沸石催化剂为研究对象,运用“原位”红外反应技术和催化剂活性评价手段,并结合反应动力学参数计算,探讨了正已烷异构化反应机理。结果表明,可用五配位反应中间物种机理解释正碳离子的生成。用双分子六元环反应中间物机理能较好地解释正已烷在氢型丝光沸石(HM)上的异构化过程。对正已烷在Pd/HM上的反应过程也可用正碳离子机理结合双分子六元环中间物机理解释。     

多孔结构聚合物乳胶粒

介绍了多孔结构乳胶粒的制备方法、表征手段以及成孔机理。着重阐述了“碱酸分段处理法”中不饱和酸与交联剂的种类与用量、以及碱酸处理条件等因素对乳胶粒成孔的影响。     

甲基酚烯酸酯树脂的热裂解机理

研究了以甲基丙烯酸酯端基不饱和取酯树脂为主链,用甲基丙烯酸甲酯取代苯乙烯作为交联剂制成的甲基丙烯酸酯树脂（ＭＡＥＲ）与通用型不饱和聚酯树脂（ＧＵＰＲ）的热裂解机理、燃烧现象。结果表明：ＭＡＥＲ的裂角产物中苯环化合物含量（１４．９％）少于ＧＵＰＲ（７４．５％）。ＭＡＥＲ燃烧时的发烟量和毒性也远低于ＧＵＰＲ。在ＭＡＥＲ中加入三水合氧化铝（ＡＴＨ）后,裂解产物中有毒物质的各类和数量更少,在燃烧时只有少量     

《内经》非药物疗法的防病治病机理初探

非药物疗法是中医治疗学中的一个重要组成部分.<内经>中的非药物疗法,通过协调阴阳平衡、调和气血运行、调节神志活动、调整脏腑功能等作用,对防病治病、养生益寿有重要意义.     

The effect of accident mechanisms and initial findings on the long-term course of whiplash injury

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between accident mechanisms as well as initial findings and the long-term course of whiplash injury. A representative sample of 117 consecutive patients referred by primary care physicians was followed-up over 12 months. Fractures or dislocations of the cervical spine, head trauma and pre-existing neurological disorders were exclusion criteria. The interval between the accident and the baseline examination was 7.4 days (SD 4.2 days). Assessment included accident features (e.g. passenger position in the car, head restraint, head position, type of collision), initial symptoms (e.g. intensity and onset of pain, symptoms of neurological dysfunction, multiple symptom score), and signs (restricted neck movement, neurological deficits). At the 1-year examination, patients were divided into an asymptomatic and a symptomatic group and were compared with respect to accident features and baseline findings. Twenty-four percent of patients were still symptomatic after 1 year. Analysing accident mechanisms separately, rotated or inclined head position was the primary feature related to symptom persistence (P=0.005). The symptomatic group scored higher at baseline on the multiple symptom rating (P=0.004) and had a higher incidence of initial headache (P=0.004) and neurological symptoms (P=0.008) together with a higher intensity of headache (P=0.0002) and neck pain (P=0.0009). The following set of initial variables predicted persistence of symptoms at 1 year (logistic regression): intensity of neck pain (P=0.001) and headache (P=0.009), rotated or inclined head position (P=0.02), unpreparedness at the time of impact (P=0.01) and car stationary when hit (P=0.01). In conclusion, accident mechanisms and initial findings suggestive of more severe injury were significantly related to long-term persistence of symptoms after whiplash injury.This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number: 3.883-0.88) and the Swiss Accident Insurance Company (Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt), Berne     

Compression or distraction of the anterior cruciate injured knee

100 consecutive patients with a recent anterior cruciate ligament injury were examined with respect to type of sports activity that caused the injury, mechanism of injury and the occurrence of collateral ligament and meniscal lesions. There were 53 medial collateral ligament injuries, 12 medial, 35 lateral and 11 bicompartmental meniscal lesions. 59 patients were injured during contact sports, 30 in downhill skiing and 11 in other recreational activities, traffic accidents or at work. An associated medial collateral, ligament tear was more common in skiing (22/30) than during contact sports (23/59), whereas a bicompartmental meniscal lesion was found more frequently in contact sports (9/59) than in skiing (0/30). Weightbearing was reported by 56/59 of the patients with contact sports injuries and by 8/30 of those with skiing injuries. Non-weightbearing in the injury situation led to the same rate of MCL tears (18/28) as those reporting weightbearing (35/72) but significantly more intact menisci (19/28 vs 23/72). Thus, contact sports injuries were more often sustained during weightbearing, with a resultant joint compression of both femuro-tibial compartments as shown by the higher incidence of bicompartmental meniscal lesions. This might be an important prognostic factor for future joint disease and arthrosis. The classic unhappy triad was a rare finding (8/100) and we suggest that this entity should be replaced by the unhappy compression injury.     

正丁基葡萄糖苷合成的反应机理与动力学

在最佳反应条件下,采用直接法由葡萄糖与正丁醇反应合成正丁基葡萄糖苷,研究了该反应的反应机理,提出了直接法合成正丁基葡萄糖苷的宏观动力学模型,该过程为表观假一级可逆反应。