彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺肿块的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声（ＣＤＦＩ）对甲状腺肿块的诊断价值。方法 采用彩色多普勒超声观察４５例患者５９个甲状腺肿块周边部及内部的彩色血流和异常高速的血流信号。结果 ①良性甲状腺肿块周边部及内部常显示稀少的彩色血流信号（７７．４％）,而恶性甲状腺肿块周边部及中央部多显示丰富的彩色血流流信号（８２．１％）。②恶性甲状腺肿块的异常高速血流（〉７０ｃｍ／ｓ）检出率与良性甲状腺肿块差异无显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５     

乳腺及甲状腺病变针吸细胞学AgNOR诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨核仁组成区嗜银颗粒的计数对于区别乳腺及甲状腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 采用针吸细胞技术对乳腺及甲状腺病变穿刺标本进行核心仁组成区嗜银颗粒定量分析研究。结果 ４３例不同类型乳腺癌,嗜银颗粒平均值４．４０（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１２例乳腺上皮良性增生,平均值２．９０,４５例不同类型甲状腺癌,嗜银颗粒平均值３．５０（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１０例甲状腺上皮良性增生,平均值１．７７,良,恶性肿瘤细嗜银颗粒的     

HLA-D Antigen Expression and Langerhans' Cell Infiltrates in Thyroid Tumors

Papillary carcinomas (PCs) of thyroid are among the most common but least aggressive human malignancies. The factors explaining the indolence of these tumors are unknown but host-tumor immune interactions may play a role. This study was designed to determine if there is morphologic evidence of these. Frozen tissues collected from 21 PCs, 4 follicular adenomas (FAs), 4 follicular carcinomas (FCs), and 11 nodular hyperplasias (NHs) were stained immunohistochemically for HLA-D antigens, lymphocyte and macrophage markers; results were graded numerically. Paraffin-embedded tumors (35 PCs, 10 FAs, and 10 FCs) were stained for S-100 protein to detect Langerhans' cells (LCs). Diffuse staining for HLA-D antigens and heavy mononuclear infiltrates were found more commonly in PCs compared to follicular neoplasms (FNs) or NHs. No consistent relationship was found between lymphocyte/macrophage infiltrates and expression of HLA-D antigens. The largest number of LCs was in PCs (median 11.8 cells/standard microscopic field [c/smf]), fewer cells were found in FA (3.7 c/smf), and the least in FC (0.05 c/smf). Features of host-tumor interaction including HLA-D expression and infiltrates with lymphocyte macrophages and LC are more strongly expressed in PC than other tumors. This may play a role in explaining their biological behavior.     

非甲状腺疾病患者的甲状腺功能变化及其临床意义

目的：研究甲状腺功能测定在非甲状腺疾病中的临床应用价值。方法：对４５８例非甲状腺疾病患者进行血清ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４、ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４、ｒＴ３、ＴＳＨ放射免疫测定（ＲＩＡ）。结果：各非甲状腺疾病组与正常对照组比较,ＦＴ３、ＴＴ３明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）,ｒＴ３明显增高（Ｐ＜００１）,肾脏疾病组ＦＴ４、ＴＴ４明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：非甲状腺疾病患者测定血清甲状腺激素水平,可作为临床判断病情轻重,疗效观察和估价预后的重要参考指标。     

甲状腺癌的颈淋巴结转移与血行转移

目的 探讨甲状腺颈淋巴结转移及血行转移的有关因素,提高甲状腺癌的诊断及治疗水平。方法 对１９８４年１月￣１９９２年１２月收治的２２５例甲状腺癌患者的临床特点、治疗方法及病理结果进行了回顾性分析总结。结果 甲状腺癌的淋巴结及血行转移主要现理类型和肿瘤局部浸润程度有关。乳头状癌、鳞状细胞癌主要表现为区域淋巴结转移,转移率分别为４４．７％、３／３,晚期出现血行转移。滤泡状腺癌虽然分化较好,但多表现有血行     

Thyroidal handling of radioiodine in sea level residents exposed to hypobaric hypoxia

In the present investigation thyroidal accumulation of radioiodine and its release were assessed by direct testing of thyroid function using radioactive iodine, in vivo, in sea level residents intermittently exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Thyroidal accumulation of radioiodine and its turnover were examined daily for 14 days. Twelve healthy human male volunteers were divided into three groups, with an equal number of individuals in each group. A decompression chamber was used to expose each group of subjects to hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 3810 m for 8 h/day for 14 days. An oral dose of 25Ci iodine-131 was administered to each individual of the first group immediately before the initiation of intermittent hypoxia. The second group of subjects received a tracer dose at the beginning of the 4th day of the 14 days, intermittent exposure to hypoxia, while the third group received the tracer dose 1 week after the completion of the exposure. Control studies were carried out on the subjects before they were subjected to the experimental conditions. Thyroidal accumulation of¹³¹I in experimental subjects during the hypoxic state and in the post-hypoxic state was higher than in the control studies. The pattern of accumulation during exposure to hypoxia and in the post-hypoxic state showed multiple peaks of radioactive iodine uptake (PRAIU), a unique feature. The multiple PRAIU by the thyroid in experimental subjects were sharp and of short duration, reflecting an increased rate of¹³I release from the thyroid. Control subjects had a single PRAIU by the thyroid 24 h after the administration of tracer.     

Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo

Previous results in experimental systems have suggested that hydroxylated PCBs may decrease thyroid hormone levels through associative interaction with transthyretin. In the present paper it was investigated whether this property was also shared by various industrial chemicals, mainly pesticides. In total, 65 compounds from 12 chemical groups were analyzed for direct interference with the T4 binding site of transthyretin using a competitive binding assay. Sixty per cent of the compounds were competitive at a concentration level of 100 M. Relatively strong interactions were observed by several chlorophenols, chlorophenoxy acids and nitrophenols, as well as by individual compounds such as hexachlorobenzene, dicofol, bromoxynil and tetrachlorohydroquinone. Examples from these chemical groups, e.g. pentachlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, dinoseb and bromoxynil, also reduced plasma TT4 levels in rats. In addition, bromoxynil decreased plasma TT3 levels. The results suggest the existence of a number of halogenated industrial chemicals with a potential for lowering plasma thyroid hormone levels through interference with hormone transport carriers.     

孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对新生儿出生体重及甲状腺功能的影响

目的　探讨孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对新生儿出生体重及甲状腺功能的影响。方法　通过浙江省新生儿疾病筛查网络系统 ,自 1999年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 6月对 12 2例母亲患有自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的新生儿出生体重、甲状腺功能进行追踪观察。结果　 (1)格雷夫斯病母亲的新生儿出生体重为 (32 2 4 4± 330 2 )g ,明显低于健康母亲及慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎母亲的新生儿 ;(2 ) 12 2例新生儿中 ,甲状腺功能正常 97例 ,暂时性促甲状腺激素 (TSH)升高 2 1例 ,先天性甲状腺功能减低症 3例 ,甲状腺功能亢进症 1例 ,与同期健康母亲的新生儿相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,且 4例甲状腺功能异常的新生儿 ,其母亲妊娠期甲状腺功能均不正常。结论　孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺炎 ,尤为妊娠期甲状腺功能不正常对新生儿出生体重及甲状腺功能影响较大 ,加强对患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的母亲及其孩子的管理十分重要。     

危重病人血清甲状腺激素的变化及其与APACHEⅡ评分和预后的关系

目的 探讨危重病人血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其与APACHE Ⅱ评分和危重病预后的关系。方法 应用放射免疫分析法及免疫放射分析法测定危重病人的血清甲状腺激素含量。危重病程度按APCHE Ⅱ评分系统进行评分。结果 危重病人的血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4含量明显低于正常对照组(P＜0．001)，而TSH的变化无显著性(P＞0．05)；危重病存活组与死亡组血清甲状腺激素之间的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；不同APACHE Ⅱ评分分段下危重病人的血清甲状腺激素水平比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；而危重病人死亡组的APACHE Ⅱ评分明显高于存活组的APACHE Ⅱ评分(P＜0．001)。结论 非甲状腺疾病的危重病人常出现甲状腺功能指标异常。血清甲状腺激素的变化不能作为判断病情的严重程度及评估预后的指标。而APACHEⅡ评分系统适用于危重病人严重程度及评估预后的评估。     

甲状腺癌差异表达cDNA消减文库的构建

目的 应用抑制性消减杂交技术，构建人甲状腺癌与正常甲状腺差异表达的cDNA消减文库。方法 分别从甲状腺癌及正常甲状腺组织中提取总RNA，应用高效、灵敏的抑制性消减杂交技术，构建成功cDNA消减文库，再转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增。结果 构建成功具有高消减效率的人甲状腺癌组织cDNA消减文库，文库扩增得到了400个克隆，随机挑取50个制备质粒，酶切分析均得到50bp-400bp大小插入片段，这些片段可能就是载有高度特异性的目的片段。结论 人甲状腺癌组织cDNA消减文库的建立为进一步克隆甲状腺癌特异性表达的新基因奠定了基础。