Genetic variants of apolipoprotein A5 T-1131C and apolipoprotein E common polymorphisms and their relationship to features of metabolic syndrome in adult dyslipidemic patients

Objectives

The aim was to evaluate the relationships of the T-1131C (rs662799) polymorphism variants of apolipoprotein A5 (Apo A5) gene and variants of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene common polymorphism (rs429358, rs7412) to signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Design and methods

We examined 590 asymptomatic dyslipidemic patients divided into MetS + (n = 146) and MetS − (n = 444) groups according to criteria of NCEP ATPIII Panel. We evaluated genotype frequencies and differences in MetS features between individual groups. Logistic regression analysis was used for the evaluation of Apo A5/Apo E variants as possible risk factors for MetS.

Results

We found no statistical differences between genotype and allele frequencies for both Apo A5 and Apo E polymorphisms between MetS + and MetS − groups. In all subjects and MetS − group, we confirmed well-known association of the − 1131C Apo A5 minor allele with elevated triglycerides (TG, p < 0.001). The Apo E gene E2 and E4 variants were associated with higher levels of TG (p < 0.01) in comparison to E33 common variant. However, no statistical differences were observed in MetS + subjects, regardless of significantly higher TG levels in this group. Apo A5/Apo E variant analysis in all dyslipidemic patients revealed significant increase of TG levels in all subgroups in comparison to common − 1131T/E3 variant carriers, the most in − 1131C/E4 variant subgroup. Logistic regression analysis models showed no association of Apo A5, Apo E and all Apo A5/Apo E variants with metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for age and sex.

Conclusion

Our study refined the role of Apo A5 and Apo E genetic variants in the group of adult dyslipidemic patients. We demonstrate that except of TG, Apo A5 T-1131C (rs662799) and Apo E (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms have no remarkable effect on MetS characteristics.     

Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2006

ObjectiveTo determine whether relationships exist between accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and other cardiovascular (CV) health metrics in a large sample.Patients and MethodsData from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2006, were used. Overall, 3454 nonpregnant adults 20 years or older who fasted for 6 hours or longer, with valid accelerometer data and with CV health metrics, were included in the study. Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), smoking status, diet, fasting plasma glucose level, and total cholesterol level were defined as ideal, intermediate, and poor on the basis of American Heart Association criteria. Results were weighted to account for sampling design, oversampling, and nonresponse.ResultsSignificant increasing linear trends in mean daily MVPA were observed across CV health levels for BMI, BP, and fasting plasma glucose (P<.001). Those with a poor BMI and BP had significantly lower mean daily MVPA than those with intermediate and ideal BMIs and BPs (all P<.001). In addition, individuals with an intermediate fasting plasma glucose level had significantly lower mean daily MVPA than individuals at the ideal levels (P<.001). No significant linear trends were observed for cholesterol, smoking, and diet. A significant linear trend was observed for mean daily MVPA and the overall number of other CV health metrics (P<.001).ConclusionObjectively measured MVPA was related to other CV health metrics in this large sample. These results support the inclusion of physical activity in the overall definition of ideal CV health.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉体会

选择我院自2004年5月至2004年7月施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)60例,观察围气腹期和气腹前后血压、心率、血氧的变化。     

肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎的临床探讨

目的　探讨肝硬化自发性腹膜炎的发病情况及有关因素。方法　对 42例肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果　肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎的发生率为 9.81 % ,致病菌以G- 菌多见。结论　肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎临床特点是起病不典型 ,腹水进行性增加。腹水细胞计数和 /或细菌培养是SBP的诊断依据。预防性抗生素治疗可防止肝硬化腹水发生自发性腹膜炎。     

The impact of endothelin-1 genetic analysis and job strain on ambulatory blood pressure

Objective

An interaction between the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1), blood pressure (BP) and social determinants has been previously found. Using a well-characterized cohort of participants, the impact of associations between genetic factors and job strain on BP was evaluated.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of five polymorphisms covering the EDN1, of which 2 were previously reported to be associated with BP, was performed. Study subjects had previously completed a baseline evaluation including 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and an assessment of job strain. This report presents the findings for 184 subjects who gave DNA samples for genetic analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed between each genetic marker and 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as two-way ANOVAs to test the interaction effect with job strain.

Results

Trends for relationships were observed between SBP and two polymorphisms: rs10478694 and rs5369. An interaction between job strain and those heterozygous for two polymorphisms showed higher SBP (P=.029 and .008) and a tendency for higher DBP. All findings were more significant when analyses were confined to the 139 Caucasian subjects.

Conclusion

This is the first study to report an interaction between the EDN1 gene, job strain and BP, supporting previous evidence of a role of this gene in the interaction between environmental stress and ambulatory BP. Given the limited sample size, the results should be considered preliminary, and further studies are required.     

卡维地洛对正常青年男性血压的影响

目的探讨健康男性青年服用β受体阻滞剂卡维地洛后不同血药浓度下静息坐位血压与用药前比较有无显著性变化,以评价卡维地洛的降压特点,为临床用药提供试验依据。方法对20名健康男性青年在服用卡维地洛20mg前及服药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、24h分别测血药浓度,并监测各时间点坐位静息血压,并将数据进行统计分析。结果血压变化与血药浓度的变化没有明显相关性,与用药前血压比较有显著性降低,即P〈0.01。结论卡维地洛对正常健康男性降压迅速,并可长时间维持降压作用。无明显副反应,受试者耐受性良好。     

Effect of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system on platelet degranulation and platelet-leukocyte microaggregate formation induced by physiologic shear stress in hypertension

INTRODUCTION: In this prospective, ex vivo, single-blind study, the effect of doxazosin on platelet function was studied in patients with hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Platelet activation by shear stress was measured in whole blood samples of 22 hypertensive patients and 22 normotensive controls, using flow cytometry. Sheared samples were evaluated for CD62 expression, microaggregate formation, and Ca2+ mobilization. Results were collected at baseline and after 1 and 2 months of single-dose (4 mg/d) extended-release doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system therapy. RESULTS: Doxazosin normalized blood pressure in hypertensive patients after 1 and 2 months of treatment. Hypertensive patients had a higher baseline percentage (mean+/-SD) of degranulated platelets (CD62+) than the normotensive control group (4.14+/-1.05 vs. 2.47+/-0.68, P<0.01). After 2 months of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system treatment, the percentage of CD62+ in the experimental group significantly decreased (P<0.05). At baseline, the number of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in vivo was greater in hypertensive patients (P<0.01); doxazosin did not normalize this measurement. Following shearing, platelet expression of CD62 increased significantly in the hypertensive group (P<0.001 vs. control). Shear stress-induced platelet activation and microaggregate formation were also greater in hypertensive patients. Intraplatelet-free calcium concentration was higher in hypertensive patients at baseline than in the normotensive group (P<0.001). At 2 months, doxazosin significantly reduced thrombin-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization in hypertensive patients (P<0.01 vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Platelets from hypertensive patients are more readily activated by shear stress and demonstrate significant alterations in cytoplasmic-free calcium mobilization. Doxazosin treatment reduced blood pressure and normalized alterations in platelet function.