恶性肿瘤化疗多药耐药动物模型的实验研究

目的建立肿瘤多药耐药动物模型,为筛选有效逆转肿瘤多药耐药的药物及研究克服肿瘤耐药、提高化疗效果奠定基础。方法模拟恶性肿瘤细胞在人体内经化疗逐渐演化为多药耐药细胞的生理过程,利用BABL/c小鼠,腹腔接种S-180瘤细胞建成小鼠肿瘤动物模型,在低剂量阿霉素腹腔注射治疗下,经过15个周期的培育传代,获得了耐药的肿瘤细胞株S-180R。结果耐药细胞株对阿霉素的耐药性比亲本细胞株高66倍,对VP-16的耐药性高9倍;免疫细胞化学证实耐药细胞显示肿瘤多药耐药基因产物P-170糖蛋白过量表达;流式细胞仪荧光检测表明耐药细胞比亲本细胞排除药物的能力提高89倍。结论本研究成功地建立了S-180R耐药细胞株的肿瘤多药耐药动物模型,为进一步筛选有效逆转肿瘤多药耐药的药物及研究克服肿瘤耐药、提高化疗效果奠定了基础。     

耐药表型P-gp,GST-π,及TOPOⅡ的表达与Ki67在肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：检测P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП与Ki67在肺癌中的表达,探讨其在肺癌中的表达水平及其临床相关性.方法：用免疫组化方法检测52例术前未进行化疗的肺癌组织中P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП与Ki67的表达.结果：P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП和Ki67在肺癌中的阳性表达率分别是73%,80.5%,62.5%,23.7%.P-gp,GST-π的表达与病理组织学分型,分化程度有显著相关性（P＜0.05）;TOPOП在腺癌中的表达明显低于其他类型的肺癌（P＜0.05）;P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП的共表达率明显高于其单一表达率（P＜0.05）;P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП的表达与Ki67之间无显著相关性.结论：P-gp,GST-π,TOPOП在不同类型的肺癌中均可表达,且表达水平不同,但它们均与肺癌的耐药相关,且呈共同表达,所以以上指标可以作为临床判断预后和指导化疗的综合指标.     

藤黄酸逆转人结肠癌细胞株SW480奥沙利铂耐药性的作用及机制研究

目的探讨藤黄酸对多药耐药人结肠癌细胞株SW480/L—OHP的耐药逆转及其对多药耐药基因（MDR1）和P-糖蛋白（P—gP）表达的影响。方法采用逐步增加药物浓度的方法建立奥沙利铂耐药结肠癌细胞株SW480/L—OHP。噻唑蓝（MTT）法测定SW480/L-OHP细胞株的耐药指数和藤黄酸在无细胞毒浓度下对结肠癌细胞耐受奥沙利铂的逆转作用,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、周期变化,RT—PCR检测各组细胞MDRlmRNA表达水平,Westernblot检测各组细胞P—gP蛋白的表达水平。结果藤黄酸对结肠癌SW480及SW480/LOHP细胞增殖均具有抑制作用,且呈量效关系。奥沙利铂与低毒剂量藤黄酸共同作用SW480/L-OHP细胞,其Ic50显著降低（P〈0．05）,耐药逆转倍数为3．72。与奥沙利铂单药组相比,加入低毒剂量藤黄酸后,细胞凋亡率明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。藤黄酸作用后MDRlmRNA转录水平降低,同时下调了P—gp蛋白表达。结论藤黄酸部分逆转SW480/L—OHP细胞对奥沙利铂的耐药性,其机制与增加细胞内奥沙利铂的蓄积,抑制MDRl基因的表达及降低P—gp的表达有关。     

Clinical significance and correlation of miR-200c and P-gp expression in gastric cancer and the effects on multidrug resistance

BackgroundPoor prognosis is common in gastric cancer patients due to multidrug resistance (MDR)-induced recurrence and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of microRNA (miR)-200c in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines and its relationship with the expression of the drug resistant gene ABCB1, which encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp).MethodsThe basic characteristics of 102 patients with gastric cancer were reviewed. Real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were employed to detect the expression levels of miR-200c and P-gp in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines. The correlation of miR-200c messenger RNA (mRNA) level with clinicopathological characteristics and P-gp protein expression were analyzed. SGC7901/vincristine (VCR) cells were transfected with miR-200c mimics or a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the ABCB1 gene. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the role of miR-200c and ABCB1 on the viability and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cell lines.ResultsThe level of miR-200c in carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues, and the expression level of P-gp in carcinoma tissues was obviously higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.01, P=0.029). The expression levels of miR-200c and P-gp were associated with the malignant characteristics of gastric cancer, and patients with high expression of miR-200c or negative expression of P-gp had a better prognosis (P=0.006, P=0.022). MiR-200c negatively regulated the ABCB1 gene in gastric cancer cell lines. MiR-200c overexpression and ABCB1 down-regulation increased the sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to VCR and reversed MDR by promoting cell apoptosis.ConclusionsThe expression level of miR-200c decreases in gastric carcinoma tissues and drug-resistant gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells. Overexpression of miR-200c may enhance the sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to VCR by regulating the expression of P-gp.     

Epidemiology of Primary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis,Vladimir Region,Russia

We studied the epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Vladimir Region, Russia, in 2012. Most cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) were caused by transmission of drug-resistant strains, and >33% were in patients referred for testing after mass radiographic screening. Early diagnosis of drug resistance is essential for preventing transmission of MDR TB.     

Primary Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2 Regions,Eastern Siberia,Russian Federation

Of 235 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients who had not received tuberculosis treatment in the Irkutsk oblast and the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), eastern Siberia, 61 (26%) were multidrug resistant. A novel strain, S 256, clustered among these isolates and carried eis-related kanamycin resistance, indicating a need for locally informed diagnosis and treatment strategies.     

ABCG2、MDR1基因表达水平与5-氟尿嘧啶耐药的CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu多药耐药关系

目的探讨乳腺癌耐药蛋白(ABCG2)、P-糖蛋白(MDR1)基因表达水平与5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)耐药的CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu多药耐药关系。方法采用反复短期暴露并逐步递增药物浓度法建立5-Fu耐药胃癌细胞株SGC7901/5-Fu,鼠抗人CD44抗体,流式细胞术(FACS)检测分选CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu。四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定SGC-7901/5-Fu、CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu、CD44-SGC-7901/5-Fu细胞5-Fu耐药指数及交叉耐药性。RT-PCR方法分别检测对数期生长的SGC-7901、SGC-7901/5-Fu、CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu、CD44-SGC-7901/5-Fu细胞ABCG2、MDR1 mRNA表达。结果 CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu相对于SGC-7901细胞的耐药指数为12.5(P<0.05),但CD44-SGC-7901/5-Fu相对于SGC-7901细胞的耐药指数为1.2(P>0.05)。CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu对ADM、MMC和DDP也有交叉耐药性,CD44-SGC-7901/5-Fu对ADM、MMC和DDP无交叉耐药性。与对照组(正常SGC-790)细胞比较,ABCG2、MDR1在5-Fu耐药的SGC-7901细胞株中表达明显增强(P<0.05)。与5-Fu耐药的SGC-7901细胞株比较,CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu细胞株ABCG2、MDR1表达继续增加(P<0.05);。与5-Fu耐药的SGC-7901细胞株比较,CD44-SGC-7901/5-Fu细胞ABCG2、MDR1表达差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CD44+SGC-7901/5-Fu细胞株对5-Fu耐药性明显增强,其多药耐药机制可能与ABCG2、MDR1mRNA表达增加相关。     

Association between ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene 3435 C>T Polymorphism and Colchicine Unresponsiveness of FMF Patients

The multidrug resistance gene-1 (MDR1, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter: ABCB1, P-glycoprotein) encodes membrane proteins that play a crucial role in protecting cells from xenobiotics, chemicals, and drugs. The TT genotype of 3435 codon in exon 26 of MDR1 gene causes overexpression of gene activity and effluxes many chemically diverse compounds across the plasma membrane. We studied the association between C3435T polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphism) of MDR1 gene and colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients. Total genomic DNA samples from 52 FMF patients of colchicine unresponsiveness were used for FMF (MEFV) and MDR1 genes profile analyses. Target genes were genotyped by multiplex PCR-based reverse-hybridization Strip Assay method. The preliminary current results showed increased T allele frequency (0.596) in colchicine unresponsiveness of FMF patients. The distributions of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes in colchicine nonresponder FMF patients were 17%, 46%, and 37%, respectively. Our results indicate that C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 of MDR1 gene is associated with colchicine resistance in nonresponder FMF patients during the common therapy protocol.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">GSTP1</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">MDR1</Emphasis> Genotypes and Central Nervous System Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The probability of event-free survival of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) approaches 80% or more with the use of modern multiagent chemotherapeutic regimens. One major contribution to this success has been reduction of the rate of central nervous system (CNS) relapses to less than 5%. However, heterogeneity is observed with regard to the incidence of CNS relapse in homogenously treated patient populations. One potential explanation for this heterogeneity is variation in the genetic background of these populations. Glutathione S-transferase P1 and P-glycoprotein are implicated in resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and have been localized to the blood-brain barrier. In a matched case-control study, we investigated the associations between CNS relapse in childhood ALL and the presence of phenotypically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms within the GSTP1 (codon 105 and 114) and MDR1 genes (ABCB1; coding for Pgp; exon 26, C3435T). Significant reductions in risk of CNS relapse were observed for patients homozygous for the GSTP1 Val105 allele as well as for patients with the MDR1 3435T/T or C/T genotype. For both genotypes, the effect was restricted to patients at intermediate or high risk of treatment failure. These results suggested a modulating role for host genetic variation in the development of CNS relapse in childhood ALL treated according to Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster protocols.