浅析《内经》之闭经证治

收集了《内经》有关闭经方面的相关阐述从而探讨闭经的病因病机、诊断与治疗,并详细记述了《内经》对血滞经闭和血枯经闭这两类型经闭的不同治疗法度。     

微创内固定系统治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的初步报告

目的探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的可行性、手术技术及指征,并总结其近期临床治疗效果。方法自2005年6月～2006年5月,应用LISS治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折12例。骨折采用AO分类法,其中转子间骨折5例：31-A2．2型2例,31-A2．3型2例,31-A3．3型1例；转子下骨折7例：32-A3．1型1例,32-B1．1型3例,32-B2．1型1例,32-B3．1型2例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术后观察有无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。术后1、2、3、6、12个月时常规随访。结果手术时间50～90 min,平均65 min；出血量50～400 mL,平均142 mL,术后住院时间6～15 d,平均9．3 d。无死亡病例。所有患者均未出现切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓、术后心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。12例均获得3～14个月(平均7．2个月)随访。10例在术后3个月复查骨折时达到临床愈合,1例假体周围骨折术后4个月、1例病理性骨折术后6个月达到临床愈合。所有患者在最后一次随访时均无骨折再移位、髋内翻畸形、内固定切出、内固定失败及股骨头坏死。结论微创反向使用股骨LISS从生物力学和解剖结构上都能满足股骨近端骨折内固定要求,并具有创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠、安全性高、并发症少的特点,尤其适用于老年人合并内科疾病、骨质疏松较重的转子间骨折及复杂的股骨近端骨折。熟练掌握间接复位技术,正确放置A孔导针,避免过早负重是手术成功的关键。     

Bilateral aberrant cervical internal carotid arteries

Summary A patient with symptomatic bilateral aberrant cervical internal carotid arteries, demonstrated on CT and MRI, is described.     

交锁髓内钉在股骨、胫骨干骺端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉在股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折中的应用。方法 回顾性分析1999年5月-2001年7月行股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折交锁髓内钉固定术的患者18例，8例股骨骨折中，骨折线位于小转子以上2例，股骨髁面4-6cm以内6例，其中累及膝关节2例。交通伤15例，坠落伤2例，摔伤1例。根据临床疗效综合评价该手术方式的可能性。结果 术后无一例发生伤口感染，骨不连，关节功能障碍等并发症，随访6-24个月，平均18个月，股骨近，远端骨折，胫骨远端骨折平均愈合时间分别为12周，13周，14周，16周，所有骨折均愈合，术后6个月均弃拐行走，评价按Johner-Wruch标准；优良17例，1例畸形愈合，优良率为94%。结论 在股骨，胫骨干骺端骨折使用交锁髓内钉疗效满意，扩大了交锁髓内钉的适应证。     

Segmental fixation with U-shaped rod in the treatment of spondylolisthesis

Summary From 1987 to 1990 the authors treated 20 cases of spondylolisthesis by an improved operative procedure including excision of the medial part of the superior articular processes of the slipped vertebra, excision of the soft tissue between the ununited isthmi, and excision of the ligamentum flavum between the intervertebral space above the slipped segment. In some instances the lower portion of the lamina over the slipped vertebra should be resected. A U-shaped rod was used to hold sublaminar fixation of two segments above and below the slipped vertebra, with the slipped vertebra spared. Utilizing the U-shaped rod as support, bone strips were placed along the lateral and anterior sides of the rod to bridge the gap between the laminae of the displaced vertebra. Other bone grafts were focused on the facet joints. The patients were allowed ambulation early postoperatively. 19 cases could be evaluated at preliminary follow-up. All showed satisfactory results.     

西脉式环抱器用于骨折内固定术护理配合要点

目的:探讨西脉镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器用于骨折内固定术有关的护理配合问题。方法:12例不同部位骨折病人(其中男性8例、女性4例、年龄15～62岁)采用西脉镍钛(TiNi)形状记忆合金环抱器人实施内固定手术,观察术中护理配合要点和实际效果。结果:骨折复位满意,手术持续时间<2h。所有病人术后均无感染迹象,手术切口愈合良好。结论:围术期护理配合质量(如器械选择、塑形准备、无菌操作等)的优劣,是手术成功与否的重要因素之一。     

AO苜蓿叶形支撑钢板治疗Pilon骨折

目的总结使用AO苜蓿叶形钢板治疗Pilon骨折的经验。方法分析我科自1996年3月-2001年6月用该方法治疗的23例病人的治疗效果：按Ruedi-Allgower分型：其中Ⅱ型18例，Ⅲ型5例，均采用切开复位，AO苜蓿叶形钢板内固定术。结果治疗后，临床疗效优良率82．6％，其中Ⅱ型达88．8％，Ⅲ型达60％。结论AO苜蓿叶形钢板治疗Pilon骨折，具有骨折稳定性可靠，有利于骨折愈合和早期关节活动的优点，Ⅲ型骨折的治疗方法有待进一步探讨。     

Cervifix颈椎后路杆固定系统垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术

目的:评价Cervifix固定垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术的疗效。方法:35例颈椎病患者,男23例,女12例;年龄47~68岁,平均56·4岁;34例为脊髓型颈椎病,1例为颈椎术后翻修;椎管矢状径4·6~9·3mm;椎管矢状面狭窄率达39%~84%,平均49·3%;减压节段C3-C59例,C3-C620例,C4-C76例。常规行后正中入路单开门椎管成形术,在所减压的节段侧块上Cervifix固定,采用Roy-Camille置入侧块螺钉。先用磨钻在所减压节段的棘突根部开预穿孔,开门后穿粗丝线于Cervifix的纵连杆拉紧并打结,行水平方向固定。垂直方向在开门侧的椎板上打预穿孔,用“斜拉桥”原理悬吊于临近未减压的棘突上加固。使椎板保持在开门状态。术后颈围领保护3个月。结果:35例平均随访15个月(7~18个月)。术前JOA评分平均8·0分,术后平均15·7分。术后3个月复查CT及X线片未见螺钉松动和再关门现象。仅有3例诉颈部有僵硬感,局部无疼痛。肌电图及体感诱发电位、感觉运动传导速度基本接近正常。6个月后僵硬感基本消失。结论:Cervifix固定垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术操作简单、安全,维持开门效果好。术后患者颈部症状恢复快、效果满意,是治疗多节段颈椎病及颈椎管狭窄症的一种有效可行的方法。     

How four and twelve weeks of implantation affect the strength and stiffness of a tendon graft securely fixed in a bone tunnel: a study of Evolgate fixation in an extra-articular model ovine model

Healing of a tendon graft to a bone tunnel is slower than the healing of a bone plug. Therefore, the device chosen for hamstring fixation may need to maintain its strength and stiffness longer than the device chosen for bone-tendon-bone fixation. We evaluated, in an extraarticular ovine model, how 4 and 12 weeks of implantation affect the strength of a tendon graft fixed to bone with the Evolgate. The long digital extensor tendon was transplanted and fixed with the Evolgate into a 30-mm long, 8 mm diameter bone tunnel drilled in the tibial metaphysis of both posterior limbs of 15 skeletally mature Suffolk sheep. Immediately after implantation, and 4 and 12 weeks later, biomechanical cyclic load tests in 50 N increments were performed until failure to evaluate the ultimate failure load (UFL). Histological analysis was also performed at 4 and 12 weeks. Biomechanical tests revealed a UFL of 339±120 N at time 0, and increases to 635±19 N (4 weeks) and to 867±80 N (12 weeks). The differences between all 3 groups were significant (p<0.001, paired t test). The histological evaluation showed a layer of cellular, fibrous tissue between the tendon and the bone, along the length of the bone tunnel; this layer progressively matured and reorganized during the healing process. The collagen fibers that attached the tendon to the bone resembled Sharpey’s fibers. The strength of the interface significantly and progressively increased between weeks 4 and 12 after transplantation, and was associated with a degree of bone ingrowth noted histologically. The use of the Evolgate seems not to interfere with the bone ingrowth after implantation, allowing an improvement in strength of the bonetendon- device complex.     

应用张力带固定法治疗锁骨远端骨折

目的：评价张力带固定法治疗锁骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法：对20例锁骨远端骨折行切开复位后张力带固定法治疗。术后随诊分析。结果：所有骨折均在半年内愈合。患侧肩关节功能恢复良好。无一例出现伤口感染。结论：张力带固定治疗锁骨远端骨折是一种简单可靠的手术方法。