安阳市第二次地氟病调查

目的分析安阳市地氟病现状,为制定地氟病防治策略和规划提供依据。方法开展安阳市第二次地氟病调查,调查全市10个县（市、区）居民饮水含氟量、儿童氟斑牙、成人氟骨症患病情况。结果共调查乡镇108个,自然村3723个,发现水氟超标自然村454个,占12.1%;儿童氟斑牙患病率超过30%的自然村425个,儿童氟斑牙患病率43.69%,在4个县共发现氟骨症患者1157人。结论安阳市地氟病分布广泛,地氟病危害仍然较为严重。     

广饶、博兴两县地方性氟中毒病情现况分析

[目的]掌握地氟病的病情动态和改水降氟情况,更好地指导地氟病防治工作。[方法]2003年,对已实行降氟改水的博兴、广饶两县9个氟病村,检测饮水氟含量;检查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,测尿氟含量。[结果]9个村中,8个村水氟含量超标。广饶县凋查152名儿童,氟斑牙患病率为48.0%,斑釉指数为1.02;博兴县调查251人,氟斑牙患病率为60.0%,斑釉指数为1.31。广饶县检测87名儿童,尿氟含量几何均值为2.32mg/L;博兴县检测47名儿童,尿氟含量几何均值为3.07mg/L,均超过正常值。[结论]2县水氟含量仍然超标,氟中毒病情严重。     

2006年浦北县地方性氟中毒调查

[目的]了解浦北县地方性氟中毒(地氟病)现况,为制订地氟病预防措施提供依据。[方法]2006年,对浦北县高发区福旺镇进行调查。[结果]检测55份未进行降氟改水工程的水样,水氟范围为1.39~2.70 mg/L,全部超标;检测2处降氟改水工程的水样8份,水氟为0.20 mg/L,未超标;检查1535名8~12岁儿童,氟斑牙患病率为7.80%,各村患病率为0.85%~8.57%;检查529名16岁以上人群,氟骨症患病率为10.40%。[结论]浦北县地氟病病情相当严重。     

Urinary porphyrins in patients with endemic chronic arsenic poisoning caused by burning coal in China

Objective  To evaluate the effect of arsenic (As) on the porphyrin biosynthetic pathway, urine samples from patients with endemic chronic arsenic poisoning were examined. Subjects and Methods  The subjects were 16 patients, who had been exposed to As from burning coal for 8 to 25 years, and 16 controls living in the same region in Guizhou Province in southwest China. Concentrations of urinary As, porphyrins and ALA were determined by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reversed-phase column and fluorescence detector, and colorimetric spectrophotometry, respectively. Results  Concentrations of As in patients and controls, 184.40±200.04 and 86.82±64.20μ g/g creatinine (mean ±SD) respectively, were significantly different (p<0.05). The concentrations of various kinds of urinary porphyrins, including isomers I and III of coproporphyrin and pentacarboxylporphyrin, were determined. Positive correlations were observed between As and porphyrins (e.g. total porphyrins, hexacarboxylporphyrin and coproporphyrin III) or between As and ALA in male and female patients. However, porphyrin and ALA concentrations were not significantly different between the patients and the controls. Urinary porphyrin concentrations in females were higher than those in males. Conclusion  Exposure to As from burning coal may influence porphyrin biosynthesis.     

Balkan endemic nephropathy in Vratza,Bulgaria, 1964-1987: an epidemiologic analysis of population-based disease registers

Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN), first described in 1956 in Vratza region, Bulgaria, may result from prolonged, chronic exposure to environmental toxicants, but the underlying etiologic factors remain elusive. There has been no recent systematic characterization of the epidemiology of this disease. Recently, it has been suggested that the incidence of the disease is decreasing. We therefore abstracted data from registers of patients in 21 affected villages and the town of Vratza, Bulgaria maintained from 1964 through 1987. In 1964, the prevalence of BEN was 6.0 per 1000 inhabitants; among residents of the affected villages, the prevalence was 12.3 per 1000. From 1965 to 1975 the incidence rate was 0.7 per 1000 person-years, and from 1976 to 1987 the incidence rate was 0.3 per 1000 person-years (rate ratio 0.43; p < 0.001). Incidence was much lower in Vratza town; among residents of affected villages, the period-specific rates were 1.7 and 0.8 per 1000 per year, respectively (rate ratio 0.47; p < 0.01). These trends were consistent across all villages for which registers were maintained. Median survival following registration increased from 2.0 to 5.0 years over the same period (p < 0.001). BEN appears to be decreasing in incidence in this region.     

Kidney and liver distribution of ochratoxin A in male and female F344 rats

The impact of age and gender on Ochratoxin A (OTA) distribution in kidney and liver were studied. OTA was quantified in kidney and liver of young and mature rats of both sexes. Data was fit simultaneously using the population approach with NONMEM program. Fed and fasted mature males showed a 30% decrease and an 11% increase in relative bioavailability, respectively, in comparison with the rest of the groups. The OTA concentrations reached in kidney and liver were very similar between both organs. The models that best fit to data were the ones that considered that distribution of OTA to kidney and liver occurs from the central compartment and that elimination occurs mainly from the liver compartment. The kinetic analysis revealed that both, the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment (V/F) and the apparent volume of distribution of the liver and kidney compartments (V_L,K/F) increased significantly with body weight. Thus, the sex differences observed in organs distribution are a reflection of the differences in relative bioavailability observed in adult males, as a consequence of the fed and fasted conditions and to the significant higher body weight of mature males which directly affected the V/F and V_L,K/F.     

贵州省地方性克汀病颅脑CT研究

克汀病颅脑 CT 特征为:1、大脑皮质和髓质发育不良,表现为皮质各叶(额叶除外)CT 均值显著减低,脑沟及外侧裂增宽,侧脑室前角扩大和体部相对性扩大。2、丘脑 CT 值减低和第三脑室扩大。3、脑干也有发育不良表现。在病区正常人中也有比较广泛轻微脑损伤。     

2002、2003年云南省昭通市昭阳区地方性氟中毒重点监测汇总分析

目的了解昭通市昭阳区燃煤型地方性氟中毒病区防治效果、防治措施落实进度及降氟措施使用管理情况，为调整干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法，调查炉灶、8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人氟骨症患病情况，测定辣椒氟、玉米氟、儿童尿氟。结果监测点2002、2003年炉灶使用合格率分别为56．86％、69．57％，玉米氟中位数分别为0．71、1．5mg／kg，辣椒氟中位数分别为6．07、10．56mg／kg，儿童氟斑牙患病率分别为66．67％、25．00％，氟骨症症状与体征检出率分别为36．99％、16．67％。结论随着改炉率的上升和改炉时间的延长，该地区氟中毒的流行得到较好控制．但应加强对病区居民正确使用炉灶的技术指导和降氟炉灶的管理及维修，巩同其除氟效果。