施普瑞对冠心病患者胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的观察施普瑞对冠心病患者胰岛素敏感性的影响.方法40例血压正常、非糖尿病的冠心病患者,施普瑞治疗前及1.2g/d治疗10周后,分别检测空腹血糖、空腹血浆胰岛素、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇,计算胰岛素敏感指数,并以38例性别、年龄、体重指数相当的正常人为对照组.结果2组空腹血糖差异无显著性(P＞0.05),冠心病组空腹血浆胰岛素显著升高,胰岛素敏感性指数显著降低(P＜0.01),施普瑞治疗10周后,空腹血浆胰岛素水平明显下降(P＜0.01),胰岛素敏感性指数显著增高(P＜0.05),血脂代谢明显改善.结论施普瑞在纠正冠心病患者血脂代谢异常的同时,对其胰岛素敏感性也有明显的改善.     

伤病比在医院维权中的运用

为了保证民法的公平原则,避免医疗纠纷赔偿案件审理中忽视患者本身病情所致的不良后果的情况,对损伤与疾病对患者预后的影响进行了研究.介绍了伤病比的来源,论述了伤病比在医疗纠纷处理中的适用 范围,伤病比的级别与医院承担的赔偿额度.指出应增强伤病比意识,促进医与法的完美结合.     

洛赛克治疗症状性胃食管反流病95例临床观察

目的了解洛赛克强力抑酸作用对胃食管反流病(GERD)患者临床症状改善及胃镜下食管炎症改善情况.方法将95例GERD病人随机分为两组,用洛赛克(20mg qd)50例,雷尼替丁(150mg Bid)45例,疗程4周,停药2周后胃镜复查,观察临床症状及食管炎症改善情况.结果治疗组临床症状改善有效率为91.6%,对照组为50.4%.治疗组胃镜下食管炎症改善有效率为70%,对照组为29.2%.治疗组明显优于对照组.结论对GERD病人抑制胃酸分泌,减轻其对食管粘膜的损伤和改善临床症状洛赛克有较好的疗效,其作用已被公认,但在食管炎症愈合方面疗效不太满意,如与促动力药物合用,可望更高疗效.     

A simple scoring system to estimate perioperative mortality following liver resection for primary liver malignancy—the Hepatectomy Risk Score (HeRS)

BackgroundSelection of the optimal treatment modality for primary liver cancers remains complex, balancing patient condition, liver function, and extent of disease. In individuals with preserved liver function, liver resection remains the primary approach for treatment with curative intent but may be associated with significant mortality. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple scoring system based on Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and extent of resection to guide risk assessment for liver resections.MethodsThe 2005–2015 NSQIP database was queried for patients undergoing liver resection for primary liver malignancy. We first developed a model that incorporated the extent of resection (1 point for major hepatectomy) and a MELD-Na score category of low (MELD-Na =6, 1 point), medium (MELD-Na =7–10, 2 points) or high (MELD-Na >10, 3 points) with a score range of 1–4, called the Hepatic Resection Risk Score (HeRS). We tested the predictive value of this model on the dataset using logistic regression. We next developed an optimal multivariable model using backwards sequential selection of variables under logistic regression. We performed K-fold cross validation on both models. Receiver operating characteristics were plotted and the optimal sensitivity and specificity for each model were calculated to obtain positive and negative predictive values.ResultsA total of 4,510 patients were included. HeRS was associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality [HeRS =2: OR =3.23 (1.16–8.99), P=0.025; HeRS =3: OR =6.54 (2.39–17.90), P<0.001; HeRS =4: OR =13.69 (4.90–38.22), P<0.001]. The AUC for this model was 0.66. The AUC for the optimal multivariable model was higher at 0.76. Under K-fold cross validation, the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of these two models were similar at PPV =6.4% and NPV =97.7% for the HeRS only model and PPV =8.4% and NPV =98.1% for the optimal multivariable model.ConclusionsThe HeRS offers a simple heuristic for estimating 30-day mortality after resection of primary liver malignancy. More complicated models offer better performance but at the expense of being more difficult to integrate into clinical practice.     

Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach

ObjectiveTo assess health equity-oriented COVID-19 reporting across Canadian provinces and territories, using a scorecard approach.MethodsA scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory level, health regions, and local areas) (15 “overall” indicators), and for four vulnerable settings (long-term care and detention facilities, schools, and homeless shelters) and eight social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, healthcare worker status, occupational sector, income, and education) (180 “equity-related” indicators) as of December 31, 2020. Per indicator, one point was awarded if case-delimited data were released, 0.7 points if only summary statistics were reported, and 0 if neither was provided. Results were presented using a scorecard approach.ResultsOverall, information was more complete for cases and deaths than for tests, hospitalizations, and population size denominators needed for rate estimation. Information provided on jurisdictions and their regions, overall, tended to be more available (average score of 58%, “D”) than that for equity-related indicators (average score of 17%, “F”). Only British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario provided case-delimited data, with Ontario and Alberta providing case information for local areas. No jurisdiction reported on outcomes according to patients’ immigration status, race/ethnicity, income, or education. Though several provinces reported on cases in long-term care facilities, only Ontario and Quebec provided detailed information for detention facilities and schools, and only Ontario reported on cases within homeless shelters and across occupational sectors.ConclusionOne year into the pandemic, socially stratified reporting for COVID-19 outcomes remains sparse in Canada. However, several “best practices” in health equity-oriented reporting were observed and set a relevant precedent for all jurisdictions to follow for this pandemic and future ones.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-021-00496-6.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁影响的研究

目的 评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁影响。方法 600例冠心病患者根据是否在冠状动脉造影时接受支架植入术治疗分为支架组（n = 400）和非支架组（n = 200）,400例支架组患者根据术后是否接受心理干预治疗进一步随机分成干预组（n = 200）和非干预组（n = 200）。患者入院后1 d、PCI治疗后1 d、出院时分别采用焦虑自我量表和抑郁自我量表进行焦虑和抑郁评分,比较不同时间患者焦虑和抑郁评分。结果 3组患者平均年龄、性别构成、血红蛋白含量、总胆固醇含量、甘油三酯含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）,具有可比性。入院后1 d,3组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）;PCI治疗后 1 d,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分均显著高于非支架组（均P < 0.05）,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者焦虑（t = 11.21,P < 0.01;t = 9.96,P < 0.01）和抑郁评分（t = 8.56,P < 0.01;t = 6.73,P < 0.01）均显著高于入院后1 d。出院时,3组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者出院时焦虑（t = 21.57,P < 0.01;t = 15.77,P < 0.01）和抑郁评分（t = 24.33,P < 0.01;t = 15.01,P < 0.01）均显著低于PCI治疗后 1 d,干预组焦虑和抑郁评分均显著低于非干预组（均P < 0.05）。结论 PCI治疗会加重冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁状态,而心理干预治疗可减轻焦虑和抑郁状态。     

慢性马兜铃酸肾病动物模型的建立及其意义

目的探讨建立马兜铃酸引起的大鼠慢性肾间质纤维化动物模型.方法将雌性wistar大鼠分为马兜铃酸组与对照组.马兜铃酸组大鼠腹膜内注射马兜铃酸5mg@kg-1@d-1共16周,开始用药后8、12、16、20、24周分别处死6只大鼠.对照组大鼠(5只)腹膜内注射生理盐水2ml/d,共16周,24周时处死.两组动物处死时分别留取血、尿、肾组织标本,分别作生化、病理(光镜,免疫荧光,电镜)等方面的检查及应用电脑软件测定肾小管-间质面积.结果马兜铃酸组大鼠用药后16、20、24周体重明显低于对照组;用药后16周血尿素氮、血清肌酐明显高于对照组,24周时肾功能损伤进一步加重.光镜检查可见马兜铃酸组大鼠有明显肾小管-间质损伤,16周时肾小管面积明显增加,管腔面积明显小于对照组;24周时出现明显肾小管萎缩,肾小管面积明显缩小,而肾间质面积明显增加,肾间质呈多灶性纤维化.电镜检查16周时肾小管上皮细胞胞质内初级溶酶体、次级溶酶体明显增加,部分肾小管上皮细胞刷状缘消失;20、24周时可见胞质内次级溶酶体和髓样小体堆积.结论建立了慢性马兜铃酸肾病动物模型.马兜铃酸具有慢性肾毒性作用,可引起大鼠慢性肾间质纤维化.