国人延髓动脉的观察

本文观察了110例成人脑标本的延髓外部动脉;采用动脉X线造影法和透明法,在20例人脑标本上观察了延髓内部动脉的形态和供应。将延髓表面分为四区,供应各区的外部动脉可分为相应的4群。前正中群和前外侧群动脉主要来自脊髓前动脉,前正中群动脉供应舌下神经核、内侧丘系及部分锥体束等中缝两侧结构;前外侧群动脉供应大部分锥体束;外侧群动脉来自椎动脉、小脑下后动脉、基底动脉和小脑下前动脉,主要供应网状结构、脊髓丘脑束、三叉神经脊束及核、迷走神经背核等;后群动脉来自脊髓后动脉和小脑下后动脉,主要供应薄、楔束核等。本文还讨论了延髓外侧区的血液供应及“终动脉”等问题。     

Effect of lower-body positive pressure on postural fluid shifts in men

Summary To quantify the effect of 60 mm Hg lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) on orthostatic blood-volume shifts, the mass densities (±0.1 g· l^–1) of antecubital venous blood and plasma were measured in five men (27–42 years) during combined tilt table/antigravity suit inflation and deflation experiments. The densities of erythrocytes, whole-body blood, and of the shifted fluid were computed and the magnitude of fluid and protein shifts were calculated during head-up tilt (60°) with and without application of LBPP. During 30-min head-up tilt with LBPP, blood density (BD) and plasma density (PD) increased by 1.6±0.3 g · l^–1, and by 0.8±0.2 g · l^–1 (±SD) (N=9), respectively. In the subsequent period of tilt without LBPP, BD and PD increased further to +3.6±0.9 g · l^–1, and to +2.0±0.7 g · l^–1 (N=7) compared to supine control. The density increases in both periods were significant (p<0.05). Erythrocyte density remained unaltered with changes in body position and pressure suit inflation/deflation. Calculated shifted-fluid densities (FD) during tilt with LBPP (1006.0±1.1 g · l^–1,N=9), and for subsequent tilt after deflation (1002.8±4.1 g · l^–1,N=7) were different from each other (p<0.03). The plasma volume decreased by 6.0±1.2% in the tilt-LBPP period, and by an additional 6.4±2.7% of the supine control level in the subsequent postdeflation tilt period. The corresponding blood volume changes were 3.7±0.7% (p<0.01), and 3.5±2.1% (p<0.05), respectively. Thus, about half of the postural hemoconcentration occurring during passive head-up tilt was prevented by application of 60 mm Hg LBPP.H. Hinghofer-Szalkay was a European Space Agency fellow on leave from the Physiological Institute, Karl-Franzens-University, A-8010 Graz, Austria.     

Increased collagen around deformed finger nailfold capillaries in type I diabetes mellitus

Summary Quantitative finger nailfold capillary microscopy was performed in 25 patients with type I diabetes and in 27 healthy control subjects. In the last consecutive 6 patients and 7 controls of these populations, finger nailfold biopsies were taken. Measurements of loop width as an in vivo parameter for deformities of the capillary loops showed significantly higher values in diabetic patients than in controls. Histopathological examination showed markedly and significantly increased deposition of collagen in nailfold dermal papillae of the diabetic patients. The deposition of collagen was positively correlated with the number of capillary endothelial cells in the nailfold dermal papillae and with the size of the papillae in diabetic patients. It is concluded that, in addition to deformity of nailfold capillaries, collagen deposition may also be a sign of metabolic disturbance and perhaps of proliferation of capillary endothelial cells in diabetic microangiopathy.Supported by the Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research, grant number 3.904-0.86     

微压传感式毛细血管测压仪

使用自制的微压传感式设备在显微镜下测量甲襞毛细血管压，传感器能精确测出毛细血管血流受阻时的压力，并可自动调零、自动显示和打印。临床使用证明其数据可靠，精确度高且无创，在使用中配以电子半微量天平，保证了仪器的精度、且操作简易，适于临床，优于国外使用的有创性微管插入测压法。     

Adaptations in skeletal muscle capillarity following changes in oxygen supply and changes in oxygen demands

Summary The effects of changes in oxygen supply and oxygen demands on fiber cross-sectional areas, capillary dersities and capillary to fiber ratios were determined in three skeletal muscles of rat. The muscles examined were the vastus lateralis, soleus, and diaphragm. Reduced oxygen supply was produced by subjecting rats to ambient hypoxia, and increased oxygen demands were produced by subjecting rats to low ambient temperatures or treatment with thyroxin. Capillaries were visualized by injecting fluorescent dyes into the circulation. Muscles were quick frozen at resting lengths to preserve normal fiber geometry and were subsequently sectioned on a cryostat. All of the muscles sampled from animals in the experimental groups had elevated capillary densities. However, capillary to fiber ratios were not increased significantly in any muscle, for any experimental condition. Thus, all of the observed differences in capillarity were due to changes in the intrinsic rate of muscle fiber growth. Further, the relations of capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio to fiber area were the same as those obtained during normal maturation, suggesting that capillary growth is closely linked to the intrinsic rate of fiber growth.     

煤快速加氢热解焦油组成的分析

采用溶剂萃取－化学处理－柱层析相结合的预处理分离程序、色－质联用和色－红联用结合色谱保留值的定性方法,分析研究了内蒙东胜煤快速加氢热解焦油的化学成分和结构,推测鉴定出２００多种化合物,并对具有代表性的１９种多环芳烃进行了定量分析,讨论了快速加氢热解焦油化学成分的结构特征。     

非洛地平缓释胶囊药物动力学与相对生物利用度

建立气相色谱-电子捕获法测定非洛地平血药浓度,比较国产非洛地平缓释胶囊和阿斯特拉公司缓释片的人体生物利用度,14名健康志愿者随机交叉口服两种制剂后,单剂量血浆中非洛地平浓度分别于3．07±0．92h和3．14±1．03h达到峰值4．75±1．38ng／ml和4．55±1．71ng／ml,药-时曲线下面积(AUC     

Effect of regular training on the anthropometric parameters and urine steroids in childhood

The changes in the anthropometric data and urine steroid metabolites caused by regular training in children in two age groups (11 and 14 years old) were investigated. The skinfolds of older girls participating in regular athletic, swimming or soccer training were thinner compared with age-matched control groups (P < 0.01) and their body mass and constitution were lower (P < 0.05). In the other groups no significant differences were observable in the anthropometric parameters. The trained children in all groups had significantly higher exercise times on the cycle ergometer (P < 0.01, in young boysP < 0.05). The strength of their hands was lower in three trained groups: in younger boys (P < 0.05), in younger girls (P < 0.01) and in older girls (right handP < 0.01, left handP < 0.05). The urinary excretion of androsterone (P < 0.02), 11-ketopregnanetriol (P < 0.01) and pregnenetriol (P < 0.02) was decreased in the older trained girls; pregnenetriol was increased in younger boys (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites was increased in trained boys [in younger boys: tetrahydrocorticosterone (P < 0.05) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05); in older boys allotetrahydrocortisol (P < 0.02), cortisol (P < 0.05) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05)]. There were no significant differences in the younger girls. In the trained older girls urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites was decreased: tetrahydrocortisone (P < 0.02), allotetrahydrocorticosterone (P < 0.01), tetrahydrocortisol (P < 0.05), -cortolone (P < 0.01), cortisol (P < 0.02), 6-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.01) and 20-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis of the data from the trained groups and sedentary, age-matched control groups showed that regular training has a significant effect on steroid excretion.     

某市饮用水源水,出厂水中有机污染物GC／MS定性分析

本文采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ－ＤＳ对某市饮用水源水,出厂水中有机污染物进行定性分析,共检测出２３０余种有机污染物,以酯类,多环芳烃,脂肪酸,胺类,杂环类及烷烃类等为主要污染物。其中有７种物质为中国水环境优先控制污染物。结果还表明：出厂水有机污染物浓度水源有机污染物浓度高。     

GC-MS分析法在人参有机氯农药残留检测中的应用

以丙酮－饱和氯化钠溶液－石油醚的一步法提取分离技术制备样品溶液,采用ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析方法对人参中有机氯农药残留进行了测定。加标人参样品的测定结果表明：两个水平加标回收率：０．１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加水平时,除ＰＣＮＢ平均回收率为５８．３％,其它组分的平均回收率为７６．０％～９０．１％,相对标准差为９．３％～１５．０％;０．０５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加水平时,平均回收率为６２．３％～８７．２％,相对标准差为６．０％～２２．５％。应用本方法测定人参中有机氯农药残留,基本上满足了灵敏、快速、准确可靠的分析方法要求