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Koji Makino 《Electrochimica acta》2005,51(5):961-965
The electrodes prepared by a sputtering method were evaluated as the cathodes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Pt loading below 0.25 mg cm−2 achieved higher mass activities than that of 0.5 mg cm−2 prepared by the paste method, which was general conventional method. However, an increase in Pt loading reduced the catalyst activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This result may suggest an increase in only electrochemically inactive Pt. Pt utilization efficiency can be found about ten times higher at Pt loading of 0.04 mg cm−2. Moreover, addition of Nafion to sputter-deposited Pt cathodes is found possible to improve the catalyst activity for the ORR, but the excess Nafion over the optimum condition reduces the active sites. 相似文献
74.
Xiangming He Weihua Pu Jianguo Ren Li Wang Jiulin Wang Changyin Jiang Chunrong Wan 《Electrochimica acta》2007,52(25):7372-7376
The charge and discharge characteristics of lithium batteries with sulfur composite cathodes have been investigated. The sulfur composites showed novel electrochemical characteristics. The analysis of the differential capacity indicated that the discharge process showed two voltage plateaus of 2.10 V and 1.88 V, and the charge process also presented two voltage plateaus of 2.22 V and 2.36 V. The overcharge test showed that the composite cannot be charged over 4.0 V, the voltage always stopped at about 3.9 V during charging, indicating that the composite presented the intrinsic safety for the overcharge of lithium batteries. The overcharge can cause serious safety problem for the conventional Li-ion batteries. The overcharge test also showed that the batteries with sulfur composite were destroyed when the upper cut-off voltage was over 3.6 V. However, the composite presented good reversible capacity after it was deep discharged even to 0 V. It showed stable cycleability and high cycling capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 when cycling between 0.1 V and 3.0 V, indicative of the different characteristic from the conventional oxide cathode materials. The prototype polymer battery with the composite cathode material presented the energy density of 246 Wh kg−1 and 401 Wh L−1. 相似文献
75.
Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites were synthesized by using glucose as carbon source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. All Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites are of the similar crystal structure. With increasing the carbon content in the range of 5%-20% (mass fraction), the diffraction peaks in XRD patterns broaden and the particle sizes and the tap density of samples decrease. The Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites with carbon content of 14.12% show excellent the capacity retention remains 92.2% after 30 cycles. 相似文献
76.
吴冰 《上海电力学院学报》2010,(3)
以MoO3为阳极修饰层,以Rubrene/C60为活性层,制备了正置和倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池。实验结果表明倒置器件的开路电压Voc、短路电流密度Jsc、填充因子FF和功率转换效率η比正置结构的器件分别提高了34%、20%、25%和102%。当插入BCP阴极缓冲层后,阻挡了热的Al原子对C60层的破坏,对倒置器件的性能没有明显的影响,但却显著改善了正置器件的性能,并分析了MoO3和BCP对倒置和正置器件的作用。 相似文献
77.
Sulfuric acid leaching process was applied to extract nickel from roasting-dissolving residue of a spent catalyst, the effect
of different parameters on nickel extraction was investigated by leaching experiments, and the leaching kinetics of nickel
was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the effects of particle size and sulfuric acid concentration on the nickel
extraction are remarkable; the effect of reaction temperature is mild; while the effect of stirring speed in the range of
400–1 200 r/min is negligible. Decreasing particle size or increasing sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature,
the nickel extraction efficiency is improved. 93.5% of nickel in residue is extracted under suitable leaching conditions,
including particle size (0.074–0.100) mm, sulfuric acid concentration 30% (mass fraction), temperature 80 °C, reaction time
180 min, mass ratio of liquid to solid 10 and stirring speed 800 r/min. The leaching kinetics analyses shows that the reaction
rate of leaching process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, and the calculated activation energy of 15.8
kJ/mol is characteristic for a diffusion controlled process.
Foundation item: Project (50574101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2003UDBEA00C020) supported by
the Collaborative Project of School and Province of Yunnan Province, China 相似文献
78.
同步产电及废水处理AFB-MFC电极研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了考察电极因素对微生物燃料电池产电及废水处理性能的影响,设计了一种新型厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池(AFB-MFC).研究了不同阴极电极材料,阴极与阳极面积以及阴极底边与阴极室底部距离对AFB-MFC产电及废水处理性能的影响.所有实验在阴极室曝气量为16~24 L/h、回流量为10.7 L/h、进水流量为0.6 L/h、外电阻为250 Ω以及进水COD浓度为3000.98~3789.44 mg/L下进行.结果表明,在尺寸大小均为15.0 cm×3.5cm的碳纸、铜板、铝板、镀锌铁板及铁板中,使用碳纸作阴极电极时AFB-MFC产电性能最好;阴极底边与阴极室底部的最佳距离为17.3~20.3 cm;使用面积为308.8、232.0、160.0和76.8 cm2的碳纸作阳极电极及面积为241.5、210.0、175.0和105.0 cm2碳纸作阴极时,阳极及阴极最佳面积分别为160.0和210.0 cm2.AFB-MFC系统最佳运行条件下COD的去除率维持在约80.00%.放大型AFB-MFC系统有利于今后工程实际应用. 相似文献
79.
利用热阴极离子镀膜技术在硬质合金上制备CrNx薄膜。在400℃-800℃区间选取7个温度对试样进行氧化处理后,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、自动划痕仪、精密电子天平进行成分、结构及性能分析,研究其氧化过程和性能。结果表明:在700℃以下,CrNx薄膜具有良好的抗高温氧化性。 相似文献
80.