Bond Between Near-Surface Mounted Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminate Strips and Concrete

In recent years, a strengthening technique based on near-surface mounted (NSM) laminate strips of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been used to increase the load-carrying capacity of concrete and masonry structures by introducing laminate strips into precut grooves on the concrete cover of the elements to be strengthened. The high experimentally derived levels of strength efficacy with concrete columns, beams, and masonry panels have presented NSM as a viable and promising technique. This practice requires no surface preparation work and, after cutting the groove, requires minimal installation time compared to the externally bonded reinforcing technique. A further advantage associated with NSM CFRP is its ability to significantly reduce the probability of harm resulting from fire, acts of vandalism, mechanical damage, and aging effects. To assess the bond behavior of CFRP to concrete, pullout-bending tests have been carried out. The influences of bond length and concrete strength on bond behavior are analyzed, the tests are described, and the results are presented and discussed in detail. Finally, a local stress-slip relationship is determined based on both experimental results and a numerical strategy.     

Analysis of Test Specimens for Cohesive Near-Bond Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Plated Concrete

The failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete (RC) members change due to the application of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement. Although an extensive literature is available describing the failure mechanisms of poststrengthened flexural systems, brittle failure modes caused by bond failure, such as midspan debonding and end peeling, need to be further investigated in order to identify and quantify the fracture processes that result in bond failure. Simplified experimental tests have been designed to idealize the bond between the laminate and the RC member. However, it is unclear how the simplified test results can be related to the actual flexural debonding failures. This paper investigates and compares two bond failure tests: a simplified test (or simple shear test) and a recently proposed shear/normal test. After discussing the characteristics of both tests and how they relate to the midspan debonding and end peeling failures, the shear/normal test is studied in more detail using a nonlinear finite-element fracture mechanics program. The program accounts for cohesive localized and distributed concrete crack damage and is capable of describing the geometrical discontinuities that induce different brittle failure mechanisms. The numerical results compare well with available experimental data and help explain the crack formation and propagation pattern up to specimen failure. Parametric studies are presented to elucidate the influence of different material parameters on the failure mechanisms.     

NJTxtr—A Computer Program Based on LASER to Monitor Asphalt Segregation

Abstract: This paper describes the research funded by the New Jersey Department of Transportation to develop an automated technology to monitor segregation during construction of hot-mix asphalt concrete pavements. A Laser-based system was used to measure surface texture and to detect segregation. Two segregated test sections and a control test section were tested to evaluate the applicability of Laser texture method to detect and quantify segregation. Laser texture data were gathered from all three sections. Ratios of texture in segregated areas to that in nonsegregated areas were set as the basis for detection of different levels of segregation. By combining the level of segregation and extent of segregation, an AREA index was developed to determine the acceptability of a pavement section. Based on AREA index, pay adjustment factors were proposed to reduce the payment to account for loss of pavement life due to segregation. Further remedial actions were proposed to correct segregated pavement sections with acceptable AREA index. Based on the above concepts, Windows-based computer program NJTxtr was developed to detect and quantify segregation. This computer program uses the Laser-equipment-collected pavement texture data and determines whether the pavement section is acceptable or unacceptable based on the level of segregation within a pavement section, and provides bonus or penalties to the contractor. The paper describes a novel technology using laser and associated software for construction quality control of asphalt concrete pavements. The proposed methodology was applied to detect segregation in an interstate highway section in New Jersey, and this section was repaved based on visual observation and recommendation from this study.     

Modeling Water and Sulfuric Acid Transport through Coated Cement Concrete

The behavior of coated cement concrete in water and sulfuric acid was investigated over a three-year period. Two epoxy-based coatings were selected and cylindrical concrete specimens were coated and used in this investigation. The concrete-to-coating mass transfer coefficient ratio varied from 8 to 10. The penetration of liquids through bulk coating materials and coated concrete with and without holidays (pinholes) was studied. The mass change of the specimens was measured at regular intervals and a total of 64 coated specimens were tested. Coated concrete specimens with and without holidays had different performance with long-term immersion in deionized (DI) water and 3% sulfuric acid. Mass transfer models were developed using film and bulk concepts and were used to predict the increase in mass in coated concrete in nonreactive DI water and reactive 3% sulfuric acid solutions. The mass transfer model parameters for various solution-coating combinations were obtained from experiment data. The parameters of the effect of holiday size on the liquid transport process were also identified based on the experiment results.     

Crack Growth Resistance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cement Matrix Composites

The effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on fracture energy and crack propagation in cement matrix composites is examined. The crack in cement matrix composites is allowed to fracture under mode-I loading with three-point bending beam specimens. The influence of fiber types and their combination is quantified by using the toughness index and fracture energy. A proper hybrid combination of steel fibers and polyvinyl alcohol microfibers enhances the resistance to both the nucleation and growth of the crack. The micromechanical model of hybrid composites by using a fiber bridging law is emphasized, and the numerical model prediction closely matches the behavior obtained from the experiment. The influencing role of the material parameters in the fracture tests (e.g., the fracture toughness index and fracture energy) becomes more apparent than ones used in some conventional strength-based or fiber pullout tests, and these fracture parameters could screen the effect of fiber/microfiber reinforcement in enhancing the crack growth resistance of cementitious composites. This study demonstrates that fundamental fracture tests are effective to characterize and develop high-performance hybrid fiber–reinforced cement matrix composites.     

泵送混凝土的工作性变化及应对方案研究

从压力、温度、含气量、气泡聚并等角度研究了泵送条件下混凝土工作性变差的原因,提出了相应的解决方案。研究结果表明:在有效减水剂不足的情况下,泵压力可促使浆体发生稠化;含气量损失不是混凝土经泵稠化的原因;气泡排液和聚并会使混凝土经泵稀化;在缓释型聚羧酸减水剂掺量较高的情况下,经泵温升可促使浆体发生稀化;通过调整减水剂组分和掺量可有效缓解泵送条件下混凝土流动性变差的问题。     

镍铁渣混凝土的力学性能、干缩行为及其与浆体孔结构的关系

制备了不同掺量的镍铁渣混凝土,对其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量和干燥收缩进行了测试,并使用压汞法对同配比净浆的孔结构进行了表征。结果表明,镍铁渣混凝土的抗压强度随镍铁渣掺量的提高出现先提高后下降的现象,这与孔结构变化有显著关系。当镍铁渣掺量在20%以上时,混凝土早期强度增长较为缓慢,经90 d龄期养护后基本可以弥补早期形成的强度差。镍铁渣的掺入降低了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但混凝土的弹性模量提高。蒸汽养护可以一定程度激发镍铁渣的活性,但并不能弥补其取代水泥造成的强度损失。20%掺量以内的镍铁渣混凝土具有比纯水泥混凝土较小的干燥收缩,这与镍铁渣掺入后混凝土孔隙率降低、弹性模量提高等相关。     

不同组成材料对混凝土韧性和抗冲击性能的影响研究

为了解决高速公路桥梁伸缩缝槽口裂缝问题,研究了不同组成材料对混凝土韧性和抗冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明,掺入辅助性胶凝材料和复合纤维提高了混凝土的韧性指数和冲击能,掺入辅助性胶凝材料混凝土的韧性指数增大了13%～113%,冲击能增大了-19%～84%。扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱分析仪的测试结果表明,辅助性胶凝材料的掺入降低了纤维-水泥石界面过渡区Ca(OH)₂和钙矾石的含量,可改善混凝土的性能。     

触发型微胶囊钢筋阻锈剂的制备及性能研究综述

从钢筋混凝土的钢筋锈蚀理论出发,结合混凝土材料科学,概述了微胶囊的制备方法与触发机理,列举了不同触发型微胶囊阻锈剂的触发方式及触发过程;介绍了适用于研究微胶囊基本性能与表征的测试体系;总结了国内外关于微胶囊阻锈剂对混凝土性能影响的试验成果,指出了研究现状中的一些不足,并在此基础上提出有待深入研究的问题。     

利用钢渣制备矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响

为了提高钢渣的资源化利用率,利用钢渣制备了矿物掺合料,测试了钢渣粉自身的性能指标,并用钢渣粉取代矿粉配制了C30混凝土,研究了钢渣粉对混凝土力学性能、体积稳定性和耐久性能的影响。结果表明,钢渣粉的掺入可降低胶凝材料体系的总水化热,但对外加剂饱和掺量点和经时损失率影响较大。利用钢渣粉取代矿粉对混凝土的出机工作性影响不大;随着钢渣粉掺量的增多,混凝土的早期强度低,后期强度增进量较大;掺钢渣粉混凝土的收缩率、氯离子渗透系数及碳化深度均高于基准组;将钢渣粉作为矿物掺合料配制混凝土时需控制其掺量。