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81.
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are primarily CD8 cells and most of them have a CD28? phenotype, the phenotype of effector cytotoxic T cells. We asked whether the predominance of CD8+ CD28? T cells in the gut may result from peripheral blood T cells preferentially migrating to the iIEL compartment and adhering to iEC. Compared with CD4 cells, adhesion of resting CD8+ T cells to iEC cell lines was significantly higher. Adhesion could be blocked with a MoAb to gp180, a molecule expressed on iEC which is known to interact with CD8/lck. No significant difference in the level of adhesion was observed between CD8+ CD28+ and CD8+ CD28? T cells. Thus CD8 cells may preferentially migrate to the iIEL compartment, but loss of CD28 expression could occur in situ after migration. Consistent with this hypothesis, the CD8+ CD28? cells became enriched after co-culturing T cells with iEC cell lines and primary iEC. Induction of the CD8+ CD28? phenotype in cord blood and adult T cells was observed in co-cultures with iEC and also with mitogens and superantigens. In the latter case, CD28 down-modulation was seen specifically in the Vβ subset targeted by the superantigen, indicating that loss of CD28 expression is a direct result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation. The combined results suggest that CD8+ CD28? T cells are antigen experienced T cells, and that they may have a survival advantage in the presence of gut epithelial cells in vitro. This may contribute to the predominance of CD8+ CD28? T cells in the iIEL compartment. 相似文献
82.
Oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) inhibits clinical and histopathological manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but only partially reduces serum anti-MBP antibody titers. We report here that orally administered MBP alters the isotypic distribution of anti-MBP antibody-forming cells (AFC) among various lymphoid tissues, with the most profound differences seen in mucosal tissues. We observed an isotype-selective reduction in anti-MBP IgA but not IgM AFC frequencies in Peyer's patches. The anti-MBP IgA AFC frequencies could be reconstituted by addition of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5). The cytokines did not appear to generate de novo responses since no increases in anti-MBP IgA AFC frequencies were observed in control cultures. These results indicate that decreased antibody production, as a result of oral antigen administration, can be reversed by exposure to the appropriate cytokines. 相似文献
83.
John B. Mailhes Marilyn J. Aardema Francesco Marchetti 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》1993,22(2):107-114
The various causative and mechanistic phenomena associated with aneuploidy induction require considerable investigation to better understand the etiology of chromosome missegregation. We investigated the potential of vinblastine sulfate, pyrimethamine, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, and chloral hydrate to induce numerical and structural chromosome changes in female mouse germ cells. Superovulated ICR mice were administered the compounds either by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage, and oocytes were collected and processed for cytogenetic analysis 17 hr later. Vinblastine sulfate, administered i.p., induced a significant increase in the frequency of ovulated Ml oocytes and of hyperploid Mll oocytes compared to controls, but did not increase the frequency of structural aberrations. Pyrimethamine, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, and chloral hydrate did not increase the frequency of numerical or structural chromosome changes in female mouse germ cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
84.
Evidence for the presence of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Del Fiacco M. T. Perra M. Quartu M. D. Rosa G. Zucca M. C. Levanti 《Brain research》1988,446(1):173-177
Preliminary results on the localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum are presented. Cerebella from newborn and adult subjects were examined. While only sporadic positive fibres were detected in the adult tissue, the immunoreactive material appeared more abundant in the cerebella from newborn subjects. Varicose and non-varicose fibres and dot-like nerve terminals were present with different density in various regions. The paucity of immunoreactive perikarya suggests that most of the cerebellar substance P-like immunoreactive material has an extrinsic origin. 相似文献
85.
Peter Van Gelder Sergey Lebedev Wai Hon Tsui 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1997,116(2):201-215
Smooth pursuit typically includes corrective catch-up saccades, but may also include such intrusive saccades away from the
target as anticipatory or large overshooting saccades. We sought to differentiate catch-up from anticipatory and overshooting
saccades by their peak velocities, to see whether the higher velocities of visually rather than nonvisually guided saccades
in saccadic tasks may be found also in saccades in pursuit. In experiment 1, 12 subjects showed catch-up, anticipatory, and
overshooting saccades to comprise 70.4% of all saccades in pursuit of periodic, 30°/s constant-velocity targets. Catch-up
saccades were faster than the others. Saccadic tasks were run as well, on 19 subjects, including the 12 whose pursuit data
were analyzed, with target-onset, target-remaining (saccade to the remaining target when the other three extinguish), and
antisaccade tasks. For 17 of the 19 subjects, antisaccade velocities were lower than for either target-onset or target-remaining
tasks. Velocities for the target-remaining task were near those for target onset, indicating that target presence, not its
onset, defines visually guided saccades. Error and reaction-time data suggest greater cognitive difficulty for target remaining
than for target onset, so that the cognitive difficulty of typical nonvisually guided saccade tasks is not sufficient to produce
their lowered velocity. To produce reliably, in each subject, catch-up and anticipatory saccades with comparable amplitude
distributions, nine new subjects were asked in experiment 2 to make intentional catch-up and anticipatory saccades in pursuit,
and were presented with embedded target jumps to elicit catch-up saccades, all with periodic target trajectories of 15°/s
and 30°/s. Velocities of intentional anticipatory saccades were lower than velocities of intentional catch-up saccades, while
velocities of intentional and embedded catch-up saccades were similar. Target-onset and remembered-target saccadic tasks were
run, showing the expected higher velocity for the target-onset task in each subject. Both experiments demonstrate higher peak
velocities for catch-up saccades than for anticipatory saccades, suggesting that cortical structures preferentially involved
in nonvisually guided saccades may initiate the anticipatory and overshooting saccades in pursuit.
Received: 1 December 1995 / Accepted: 25 February 1997 相似文献
86.
87.
M. Ohshima A. Yokoyama H. Ohnishi H. Hamada N. Kohno J. Higaki T. Naka 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2007,37(5):735-742
BACKGROUND: Enhanced expression of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-5 might be of therapeutic benefit for T-helper type 2 (Th2) dominant diseases, as its expression is reported to result in a reduction of Th2 differentiation in vitro due to the inhibition of IL-4 signalling. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory role of SOCS-5 in vivo, we explored the phenotype of an experimental asthma model developed in SOCS-5 transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS: The SOCS-5 Tg mice or wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung specimens, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine. RESULTS: The production of IFN-gamma by CD4(+) T cells from unprimed SOCS-5 Tg mice was significantly increased in comparison with unprimed wild-type mice, indicating that SOCS-5 Tg mice have a Th1-polarizing condition under natural conditions. However, in an asthma model, significantly more eosinophils in the airways and higher levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF were observed in the SOCS-5 Tg than the wild-type mice. AHR in the asthma model of SOCS-5 Tg was also more enhanced than that of wild-type mice. OVA-stimulated CD4(+) T cells from the primed SOCS-5 Tg mice produced significantly more IL-5 and IL-13 than CD4(+) T cells from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the overexpression of SOCS-5 does not inhibit Th2 response, but rather augments the phenotype of the asthma model in vivo. This finding throws into question the therapeutic utility of using enhancement of SOCS-5 expression for Th2-dominant disease. 相似文献
88.
The axon terminals of cone horizontal cells in the goldfish retina form typical chemical synaptic contacts in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. Approximately 60% of the identified postsynaptic elements were perikarya, axons and dendrites of bipolar cells. The other identified postsynaptic elements were perikarya and processes of interplexiform cells. We propose that the horizontal cell axon terminal contribute to the antagonistic surround responses of the bipolar cells and that they modulate inputs to the outer plexiform layer conveyed by interplexiform cells. Output synapses from horizontal cell axons to unidentified neuronal processes as well as occasional input synapses to the axons from interplexiform cell processes and unidentified perikarya were also observed in the same region of the inner nuclear layer. 相似文献
89.
目的 为构建生物人工肝进行肝细胞的准备。方法 采用胶原酶半原位灌流法分离单个乳猪肝细胞,并对其活力及单层和聚集培养后的白蛋白、尿素合成功能进行检测。结果 采用本方法从每头乳猪中分离到的单个肝细胞数为(3.1±1.5)×10~(10),活性超过95%。在加入激素和生长因子的培养基中单层培养时,肝细胞功能良好,可维持2周左右。而在未加入激素和生长因子的培养中肝细胞虽能存活1周,但功能于24h后即丧失。球形聚集培养可实现肝细胞的大量培养,且生物学活性较单层培养显著提高。结论 采用胶原酶半原位灌注法所得单个乳猪肝细胞基本能满足构建生物人工肝对肝细胞数量的要求。聚集培养接种密度大,细胞生物学活性高,可用于构建生物人工肝。 相似文献
90.
骨髓间质干细胞体外预构组织工程化肌腱的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的探讨骨髓间质干细胞与胶原-聚羟基乙酸的细胞相容性,为构建组织工程化肌腱寻求理想方法.方法以贴壁法分离、培养骨髓间质干细胞,并检测CD44.在实验组中将骨髓间质干细胞置入含胶原-聚羟基乙酸的DMEM培基中培养:在对照组中将骨髓间质干细胞置入DMEM培基中培养.通过MTT方法比较两组的细胞活性和生长情况,并对实验组进行超微观察.以骨髓间质干细胞为种子细胞,以胶原-聚羟基乙酸为支架在体外预构组织工程化肌腱.结果以贴壁法原代培养骨髓间质干细胞,11天细胞即汇合成片,检测CD44示阳性.骨髓间质干细胞接种于胶原-聚羟基乙酸中混合培养后14天生长良好,始终保持89%以上的细胞活力,与对照组比较无显著差别;实验组细胞数未发生明显改变,而对照组从第4天开始即发生增殖.透射电镜示实验组细胞培养14天后仍保持旺盛的分泌功能.体外预构的组织工程化肌腱具有良好的形态,细胞伸展成梭形,沿聚羟基乙酸缝线大致平行排列.结论骨髓间质干细胞与胶原-聚羟基乙酸的细胞相容性好.以骨髓间质干细胞为种子细胞,以胶原-聚羟基乙酸为支架可在体外初步预构组织工程化肌腱. 相似文献