微乳液法制备纳米硫化锌及其光催化性能的研究

以四元体（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/水/正辛烷/正丁醇）W/O型微乳体系为介质,制备了纳米硫化锌粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜对硫化锌粉体进行表征.研究了硫化锌粉体光催化降解次甲基蓝的能力.结果表明,该微乳体系稳定,所得硫化锌粉体平均粒径为50 nm,在紫外光、太阳光照射下1 h,对次甲基蓝的最大降解率分别为83%和79%.     

新型光解水制氢用半导体光催化材料的研究进展

综述了钛酸盐、钽酸盐和铌酸盐为主的层状钙钛矿型光催化材料,简述了层状钙钛矿型光催化剂光解水的机理,比较了各种层状钙钛矿型结构材料的催化活性,分析了影响活性的原因,并对层状钙钛矿型结构光催化材料的研究和应用提出了一些自己的观点.     

室内丙酮气体的TiO2/UV光催化氧化

以波长为253．7nm的9W紫外灯为光源，锐钛型二氧化钛为催化剂，考察了室内空气中丙酮气体不同的起始质量浓度、二氧化钛用量、空气循环流量以及光照时间对丙酮光催化降解过程的影响．用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程讨论了二氧化钛光催化氧化丙酮的动力学模式．研究表明，TiO2／UV光催化氧化室内丙酮气体效果较好，可用于室内的循环空气处理；在一定初始质量浓度范围内，TiO2/UV光催化氧化丙酮表现为一级反应动力学规律．     

ATaO_3（A=K,Na）电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理广义梯度近似（GGA）下的全电势线性缀加平面波（FP-LAPW）方法计算出立方相ATaO3（A=K,Na）的电子能带结构、态密度,发现了其光学性质.通过对两种材料的对比分析发现,KTaO3和NaTaO3价带顶均出现在0.15089eV处,KTaO3的导带底在2.02849eV处,NaTaO3的导带底在2.27339eV处,NaTaO3比KTaO3的导带底高,因而禁带宽度较大;NaTaO3中Ta5d电子和O2p电子之间的轨道杂化比KTaO3中的轨道杂化弱,Na的粒子性较K更强,因此,NaTaO3的光催化活性明显大于KTaO3.     

Effect of hydroxyl groups on hydrophilic and photocatalytic activities of rare earth doped titanium dioxide thin films

Rare earth(Y, La and Nd) doped TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass slides by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The effects of hydroxyl groups on hydrophilic and photocatalytic activities were investigated by means of techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), atomic force microscopy(AFM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), optical contact angle, UV-Visible spectroscopy and VIS spectroscopy. The results showed that an appropriate doping of rare earth could cause the TiO2 lattice distortion, inhibited phase transition from anatase to rutile, accelerated surface hydroxylation and produced more hydroxyl groups, which resulted in a denser surface and smaller grains(40–60 nm), and a significant improvement in the hydrophilicity and photoreactivity of TiO2 thin films. The optimal content of rare earth was between 0.1 wt.% and 0.3 wt.%. Moreover, the modification mechanism of rare earth doping was also discussed.     

NdWO4（OH）粉体的微波水热法合成及其光催化性能

以Nd（NO3）3·6H2O和Na2WO4·2H2O为原料,采用微波水热法在160℃～220℃反应90min成功合成了NdWO4（OH）粉体,利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对所合成的NdWO4（OH）粉体进行了表征,讨论了合成温度对NdWO4（OH）粉体晶体结构和微观形貌的影响,并对所合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究．结果表明：合成温度对NdWO4（OH）粉体的晶体结构和微观形貌均有明显影响;在紫外光下照射120min,200℃合成的NdWO4（OH）粉体对RhB溶液的降解率达93．0％．     

磷钨酸/SiC复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以磷钨酸(PTA)和SiC为原料,采用浸渍法制备了4种不同比例PTA的PTA-SiC光催化剂.采用紫外可见漫反射光谱、傅里叶红外变换光谱、X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜进行表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为降解底物,考察光催化剂的光催化降解性能.结果表明,制备的光催化剂既保持了SiC的载体结构,又保持了PTA的Keggin型结构...     

Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Microstructure and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powders

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline powders were prepared by hydrolysis of tetrachloride titanium （TiCl4） in a mixed solution of ethanol and ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3） at ambient temperature and atmosphere followed by calcination at 400 ℃ for 2 h in air. FTIR spectra demonstrate that amine group in original gel is eliminated by calcination, and the TiO2 powder is liable to absorb water onto its surface and into its capillary pore. XRD and SEM results show that the average size of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles is no more than 60 nm and with increasing the calcination temperature, the size of particles increases. XPS studies indicate the nitrogen atom enters into the TiO2 lattice and occupies the position of oxygen atom. The nitrogen doping not only depresses the grain growth of TiO2 particles, but also reduces the phase transformation temperature of anatase to futile. The photocatalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped TiO2 powders has been evaluated by experiments of photocatalytic degradation aqueous methylene blue.     

TiO_2/ZnO纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备了高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,并利用纳米管的光致超亲水特性,采用斜面毛细组装技术在无定形TiO2表面自组装ZnO溶胶后退火制备了TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管.探讨了阳极氧化各参数对纳米管形貌的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)等方法对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征.以有机磷农药氯胺磷为光催化降解对象,研究了焙烧温度、管径、管长和TiO2/ZnO复合比例等因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度、管径以及ZnO复合比例对光催化降解率影响较大.对于管径97 nm、管长315.8nm的TiO2/ZnO纳米管,ZnO最佳复合比例为4.2%(质量分数),5 h后降解率达到78%.     

Highly Functional TNTs with Superb Photocatalytic,Optical, and Electronic Performance Achieving Record PV Efficiency of 10.1% for 1D‐Based DSSCs

Different nanostructures of TiO₂ play an important role in the photocatalytic and photoelectronic applications. TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) have received increasing attention for these applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. Focusing on highly functional TNTs (HF‐TNTs) for photocatalytic and photoelectronic applications, this study describes the facile hydrothermal synthesis of HF‐TNTs by using commercial and cheaper materials for cost‐effective manufacturing. To prove the functionality and applicability, these TNTs are used as scattering structure in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Photocatalytic, optical, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), electrochemical impedance spectrum, incident‐photon‐to‐current efficiency, and intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy/intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy characterizations are proving the functionality of HF‐TNTs for DSSCs. HF‐TNTs show 50% higher photocatalytic degradation rate and also 68% higher dye loading ability than conventional TNTs (C‐TNTs). The DSSCs having HF‐TNT and its composite‐based multifunctional overlayer show effective light absorption, outstanding light scattering, lower interfacial resistance, longer electron lifetime, rapid electron transfer, and improved diffusion length, and consequently, J _SC, quantum efficiency, and record photoconversion efficiency of 10.1% using commercial N‐719 dye is achieved, for 1D‐based DSSCs. These new and highly functional TNTs will be a concrete fundamental background toward the development of more functional applications in fuel cells, dye‐sensitized solar cells, Li‐ion batteries, photocatalysis process, ion‐exchange/adsorption process, and photoelectrochemical devices.