镍、碳共掺杂纳米二氧化钛薄膜的制备与光催化性能研究

为了增强纳米二氧化钛薄膜在紫外光下光催化降解罗丹明B溶液的能力,分别采用磁控直流溅射与射频溅射的方法,使用二氧化钛靶材、镍靶材、碳靶材,分别制备了碳非金属掺杂、镍金属掺杂以及镍、碳共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛薄膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和紫外可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）进行表征。SEM结果表明,与纯二氧化钛薄膜相比镍、碳共掺杂纳米二氧化钛薄膜晶粒细化,比表面积增大,薄膜表面聚集体为不规则的多边形颗粒状,有利于增大与污染物的接触面积;XRD结果表明该薄膜的晶粒减小,加快了光生电子空穴对的分离;薄膜的吸收极限红移,禁带宽度减小。在紫外光照射下,镍、碳共掺杂纳米二氧化钛薄膜的光催化性能最优,1 h降解了29.54%的罗丹明B溶液。     

Stability of tungsten oxide nanotubes film for improving photocatalytic oxidation reaction

Well-aligned anodic tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanotubes with lengths approaching 600 nm was successfully synthesised via electrochemical anodisation of tungsten (W) film at 40 V in a bath with electrolyte (pH 3) consisted of 1 M of sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) and 0.7 wt-% ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) for 15 min. It was found that the production of dense compact oxide layer on pure W film could be explained with high concentration of H⁺ ions accelerated the hydrolysis ability on the W surface to form thick WO₃ layer under acidic condition (pH: 3). The photocatalytic activity performance was increased by ≈15% for the dense WO₃ nanostructures film as compared to the thin and irregular WO₃ nanostructures film because of the high active surface area to absorb more photons from solar irradiation for triggering the charge carriers separation and then improvement of internal and external diffusion of the reactants.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ag/TiO2纳米薄膜及其陶瓷表面抗菌性能研究

为提升TiO₂在陶瓷表面的光催化性能和抗菌性能,以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、硝酸银为原料,乙酰丙酮和硝酸作为催化抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了TiO₂溶胶和Ag/TiO₂溶胶。以普通陶瓷片为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制备TiO₂薄膜。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物进行光催化降解实验,并探讨在不同热处理温度下对Ag/TiO₂薄膜光催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等仪器对样品进行表征。实验结果表明：在紫外灯照射下,TiO₂薄膜和Ag/TiO₂薄膜对有机物都具有降解能力,而Ag/TiO₂的光催化活性更明显,在光照8 h后其光催化降解率达到了70%,热处理最佳温度为500℃;Ag/TiO₂薄膜具有良好的亲水性,并且对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用。Ag/TiO₂薄膜有望应用到陶瓷用品上,可有效减少材料表面的有机污染物...     

含磁性γ-Fe2O3核的TiO2/Al2O3催化剂的制备及光催化性能

TiO2作为光催化剂,可有效地用于水处理,但存在催化剂如何回收再利用和反应器怎样放大设计的问题。该文提出了含磁性核的TiO2催化剂的合成方法,并对典型污染物的降解作了动力学研究,力求解决此类问题。首先,采用共沉法和溶胶-凝胶法制得磁载光催化剂TiO2/A l2O3/γ-Fe2O3,并对该催化剂分别用TEM和XRD进行了形貌和晶相表征。随后,研究了该催化剂对可溶性染料中间体对硝基甲苯邻磺酸(NTS)和直接耐酸大红染料(4BS)的光催化降解性能。结果表明:该催化剂在水溶液中具有良好的分散效果和较高的催化活性,以250 W高压汞灯为光源,经1.5 h的光催化降解,染料去除率可达90%以上;在外加磁场的作用下,催化剂可与液相迅速分离。经实验数据处理,发现NTS在该催化剂上的光催化降解过程符合零级反应动力学模型。     

光催化型过滤器分解有机化合物的实验研究

以TVOC及甲醛为测试对象对光催化型过滤器分解VOCs的性能进行了实验测试。结果显示:光催化型空调过滤器能有效分解VOCs,能在较短的时间内(12h)使室内VOCs的浓度达到GB/T-18883-2002的要求;其平均反应速率及分解效率随着过滤器层数的增加而增加,并且其分解效率随面风速的增加而略有降低(当面风速从0.42m/s增加至0.8m/s时,在第3小时,分解效率下降了约5%);对于室内VOCs浓度较低的民用建筑,光催化分解过程中的反应速率与反应浓度成正比。     

微波热液法制备光催化TiO2功能材料

采用微波加热法，研究了钛配离子热分解水解反应的规律。结果表明，水解产物在大气气氛和300℃下煅烧2h，所得产物为锐钛型TiO2粉末。在紫外线照射下，乙酸经Ti02光催化反应12h后，残余量小于初始量的20％。     

太阳光TiO2薄层光催化降解有机磷农药的研究

研究了在太阳光的照射下，ＴｉＯ２薄层光催化降解有机磷农药的可行性。结果表明，０．６５×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的久效磷、甲拌磷农药光照他可完全降解至ＰＯ４３－；加入微量的Ｈ２Ｏ２或通入空气可大大提高光解率；有机磷农药初始浓度增加，其光解率下降；光照１２０ｈ后ＴｉＯ２薄层的光催化活性没有减弱，可以连续使用。初步探讨了有机磷农药光催化降解的机理，认为·ＯＨ和Ｏ２２－是最主要的氧化剂。     

Synthesis of cadmium sulfide‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites by pulsed laser ablation in liquid for the enhanced photocatalytic reactions in the visible light

The large‐scale applications of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) as a photo‐catalyst are limited by their poor stability (high aggregation tendency) and consequent reduction in the surface area and increased rate of recombination of photoinduced electron‐hole pairs, despite its inherent positive feature of being visible light active. It has been reported that the photocatalytic performance of CdS can be considerably improved if CdS is made as a composite material with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in an optimum ratio. In this work, for the first time, we adopted the technique of pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) to synthesize highly pure CdS NPs and the required CdS/rGO nanocomposites using high purity (99.9%) microstructured CdS and graphene oxide as chemical precursors. PLAL is a simple and rapid 1‐step synthesis process (where the reaction time is reduced from several hours to a few minutes), which does not require high temperature, toxic chemicals, and the final treatment to remove the unwanted by‐products. The optical and morphological characterizations revealed that the anchoring of CdS on rGO transformed the CdS/rGO composite into an efficient photo‐catalyst by enhancing the following positive attributes required for a good photo‐catalyst: (1) The inherent tendency of aggregation of CdS is considerably reduced; CdS NPs with an average grain size of 20 nm are well placed on the rGO sheets; and hence, the surface area of the catalyst was significantly increased to provide more active sites. (2) The reduced rate of photoinduced electron‐hole recombination manifested in the photoluminescence spectrum indicated the effective charge separation. (3) The enhanced light absorption in the visible/infrared region ensured the effectiveness of this material in naturally abundant solar radiation. In the CdS/rGO composite, the rGO sheets play the role of a supporting matrix, cocatalyst, and electron acceptor for CdS. To evaluate the photo‐catalytic performance of CdS/rGO, we applied it as a visible light‐driven photo‐catalyst for degrading methylene blue dye and found that CdS/rGO nanocomposite was more efficient than pure CdS in the visible spectral region. Therefore, PLAL provides a simple and 1‐step route to synthesize high‐purity visible light–driven photo‐catalysts and solar cell material.     

Improving ultraviolet light photocatalytic activity of polyaniline/silicon carbide composites by Fe-doping

It was aimed to prepare polyaniline (Pani) composites, including silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibers doped with iron (Fe) ions. The Fe-doping of SiC was performed to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the composites through the separation of photoexcited mobile charge carriers. For comparison purposes, Pani composites were also prepared with undoped SiC nanofibers. The composite samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and UV–Vis spectroscopies. Experiments on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation revealed that Pani/SiC-Fe composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity when compared with Pani/SiC composites. Almost 22% dye removal was obtained within 300 min with the Pani composite, containing 15 wt.% SiC-Fe. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and UV–Vis spectroscopies demonstrated that SiC nanofibers were successfully doped with iron ions and incorporated into the polyaniline matrix. The original aspect of this study was to research the photocatalytic activity of polyaniline composites containing Fe-doped SiC nanofibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48524.