摩托车油箱液压成形力学分析及模具设计

板材液压成形是金属板料塑性成形的一种新工艺,非常适合于汽车覆盖件、摩托车油箱等复杂零件的生产。但是板材液压成形工艺与模具的设计目前尚无完善的理论,文章基于板材液压成形的力学分析,设计了一套摩托车油箱的液压成形模具。     

复杂冲压件液压成形装备的设计与制造

介绍了一种板料液压成形成套装备,包括模具结构、液压控制系统和计算机控制系统。该装备具有结构简单、经济实用、可实现变压边力控制等特点,可获得高质量的复杂板料成形件。     

铝合金车身框架制造中的热加工新技术

在分析铝合金空间框架结构的发展背景和应用前景的基础上，论述了铝合金空间框架结构制造中的几种新技术：内高压成形技术、触变铸造技术及激光焊接技术。着重介绍了这些新技术的原理、工艺特点及其在汽车工业中的应用现状。     

预弯对铝合金管材内高压成形缺陷与尺寸精度的影响

铝合金异形截面管件是实现汽车结构轻量化的有效途径之一,其成形工艺是先将铝合金管材经过数控弯曲获得轴线形状,然后进行内高压成形。弯曲产生的回弹、截面畸变及起皱等缺陷会影响后续内高压成形的质量。本工作通过建立管材塑性弯曲的理论模型和材料模型,计算任意弯曲角度的卸载回弹量,在弯曲过程考虑回弹量补偿,有效避免了内高压成形时的咬边缺陷。通过改善芯轴条件,使用带有一个芯球的芯轴,使截面不圆度由7.55%降低至1.43%,避免了弯曲件在内高压成形时发生破裂。同时对弯曲产生皱纹的管件进行内高压成形,证实了内高压成形过程不能够消除管件在弯曲过程形成的起皱。通过工艺实验研制出6063铝合金异形截面管件,获得了无缺陷的成形件。对47个内高压成形件进行尺寸精度测量,最大尺寸偏差为1.08mm(1.63%),尺寸和精度符合设计要求。     

波纹管内高压成形焊接区变形特征研究

准确建立焊接管材母材、热影响区和焊缝的材料力学模型,是焊接波纹管内高压胀形工艺分析的前提条件。基于焊接区单向拉伸试验和硬度测试等条件建立焊接区混合材料准则,确定了热影响区和焊缝的材料力学模型。通过波纹管液压胀形工艺仿真与试验,研究胀形液体压力和凹模初始高度等工艺参数对波纹管变形特征的影响,并结合变形前后的组织分析发现,焊接区的枝状晶组织使成形后波纹管焊接区与母材壁厚存在差异,并且变形后马氏体相的存在促进裂纹的形核,引起后期使用中的应力腐蚀破裂。     

汽车桥壳液压胀形工艺的研究及最新进展

介绍了半滑动式液压胀形的基本思想以及小型汽车桥壳的液压胀形工艺过程,在普通液压机上试制出模拟样件。提出了钢管胀压成形工艺,先将两端缩径的管坯进行液压胀形得到轴对称的预成形管坯,再对其内部充液（水）并用模具压制成形,并试制出胀压成形桥壳样件。与液压胀形样件比较表明：胀压成形样件轮廓清楚,桥包部分过渡小圆角贴模性好,壁厚减薄量小,成形液压力低。     

双锥形管液压成形过程中破裂和起皱的力学条件

针对双锥形管液压成形过程,分析了破裂和皱纹产生的几何及力学原因,并用数值模拟和工艺实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,有益皱纹需要同时满足几何条件和力学条件。几何条件是补料结束时形成的局部皱纹表面积略小于零件相应的表面积。力学条件是皱纹形状参数G不小于中间皱峰半径R,皱峰在后续高压整形过程中壁厚无减薄。当几何条件不满足时,即坯料任一段表面积大于零件相应表面积会起皱,过小会破裂:当力学条件不满足时,整形过程中中间皱峰发生开裂。     

三通管内高压成形载荷路径试验优化设计

采用DYNAFORM有限元软件对三通管内高压成形过程进行了数值模拟研究,采用正交试验优化设计方法进行载荷路径参数优化,找出了T型管内高压成形的内压力、轴向进给力、背压力三参数的最优组合,采用该最优组合参数的试验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合。     

Process Modeling for Precision Forming of Discrete Parts – State of the Technology and Critical Issues

This paper presents an overview on the application of FE simulation as a virtual manufacturing tool in designing manufacturing processes for precision parts. The processes discussed include forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming. Determination of reliable input parameters to simulate a process is a key element in successful application of process simulation for process design in all the mentioned areas. These issues are discussed in detail. Practical examples of application of FE simulation are presented for improvement of the existing metal forming process and/or designing new metal forming process for manufacturing discrete precision parts in forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming.     

Experimental and numerical assessment of mechanical properties of welded tubes for hydroforming

The identification of welded tubes properties considering the weld bead and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is important for reliable and accurate finite element simulation of tubular plastic forming processes such as tube hydroforming and rotary draw bending processes. Therefore, a simplified method is proposed to extract the weld bead and HAZ properties. Full size standard tensile specimens cut from the welded tube and comprising the weld parallel to the load direction are extended to failure. Mechanical properties obtained from uniaxial tensile test are correlated with the microhardness data measured across the welded specimen and by using the rule of mixtures; the constitutive model parameters of weld bead and HAZ regions are identified. Accuracy of the proposed method is assessed by comparing finite element simulation predictions to experimental measurements obtained from two mechanical tests: the first one is the uniaxial tensile test performed on specimens comprising the weld line perpendicular to the loading direction and the second test is the free bulge hydroforming test achieved on seamed tubular samples. This investigation has shown that the presented method is practical in use and sufficiently accurate to extract the weld metal properties of seamed tubes.