航空放射性遥感技术应用研究

航空放射性遥感系统采用航空γ能谱仪,在空中飞行探测地表放射性,能够快速进行大面积环境放射性调查。结合已经开始进行的首次大面积航空放射性遥感调查工作,简要介绍了航空放射性遥感系统构成、核探测γ能谱测量和数据处理技术。对系统转换因子刻度和剥离系数刻度方法进行了讨论,并对初步应用情况进行了总结。     

Anion Sensing Porphyrin Functionalized Nanoparticles

Disulfide and dithiocarbamate functionalized porphyrins have been synthesized and used as protecting ligands for gold nanoparticle formation either via ligand substitution reactions or by direct synthesis. These nanoparticles have been shown to recognize anions via changes in the absorbance spectrum of the surface adsorbed porphyrin moieties. Association constants, derived from quantitative titrations, indicate a remarkable surface enhancement effect where the surface bound porphyrins bind anions much more strongly than the free receptor in solution.     

成像光谱技术发展的科学背景和现状

本文分析与阐述了成像光谱技术发展的科学背景与现状。     

“空中B超”——遥感影像用于考古

结合全球卫星定位系统GPS,遥感成像技术能提供大量对考古研究极为有价值的田野影像信息。结合不同年代拍摄的航空照片,考古学家从这些遥感影像中获得大量信息,并得以在近些年来取得很多举世瞩目的成果。本文列举了一系列典型事例,也披露了我国一些古迹的演变情况。     

用于水下三维视觉传感的新型空间差频扫描测量法

激光扫描三角法是近十年发展起来的三维传感新技术,其实现扫描测量的方法可分为两类:一是采用阵列器件,用相应的同步扫描机构实现;另一则采用单通道器件,由扫描装置进行步进扫描实现。虽然这种技术在陆地及空气系统中已得到广泛应用,但在水下却存在着许多问题。本文提出了一种新型空间差频扫描测量方式,并对扫描测量原理、测量周期、分辨率及速率进行了深入讨论,最后的应用结果显示了这种新型方式用于水下三维传感的特殊优越性。     

An algorithm for the three-dimensional packing problem with asymptotic performance analysis

The three-dimensional packing problem can be stated as follows. Given a list of boxes, each with a given length, width, and height, the problem is to pack these boxes into a rectangular box of fixed-size bottom and unbounded height, so that the height of this packing is minimized. The boxes have to be packed orthogonally and oriented in all three dimensions. We present an approximation algorithm for this problem and show that its asymptotic performance bound is between 2.5 and 2.67. This result answers a question raised by Li and Cheng [5] about the existence of an algorithm for this problem with an asymptotic performance bound less than 2.89. This research was partially supported by FAPESP (proc. 93/0603-1) and by CNPq/ProTeM-CC, project ProComb (proc. 680065/94-6).     

Mutual information based registration of multimodal stereo videos for person tracking

Research presented in this paper deals with the systematic examination, development, and evaluation of a novel multimodal registration approach that can perform accurately and robustly for relatively close range surveillance applications. An analysis of multimodal image registration gives insight into the limitations of assumptions made in current approaches and motivates the methodology of the developed algorithm. Using calibrated stereo imagery, we employ maximization of mutual information in sliding correspondence windows that inform a disparity voting algorithm to demonstrate successful registration of objects in color and thermal imagery. Extensive evaluation of scenes with multiple objects at different depths and levels of occlusion shows high rates of successful registration. Ground truth experiments demonstrate the utility of the disparity voting techniques for multimodal registration by yielding qualitative and quantitative results that outperform approaches that do not consider occlusions. A basic framework for multimodal stereo tracking is investigated and promising experimental studies show the viability of using registration disparity estimates as a tracking feature.     

用PSD检测长直导轨准直度

介绍了用光电位置传感器（ＰＳＤ）检测长直导轨的原理和方法。利用ＰＳＤ作为位置传感的检测系统能实时、连续地对被测件三维空间准直度进行检测，更好地解决了以往移动桥板分段测量、人工读数（数格）局部检测的方法存在的问题。     

Monitoring water quality in reservoirs with IRS-1A-LISS-I

An attempt has been made to quantify the relationship between the variation in IRS-IA-LISS-I (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite-1A Linear Imaging Self-Scanning System) radiance data and field measured change in secchi disc depth. Secchi disc depth was measured for 47 predetermined sampling locations on reservoir surface water. At extinction depth (secchi depth), water samples were collected from all the sampling locations. Suspended sediments of eight locations representing various reaches of the reservoir were selected for mineralogical, particle size and optical properties analysis. The LISS-I radiance value in band 1 (0.45–0.52µm) band 2 (0-52–0.59 µm) and band 3 (0.62–0.68 µm) were used in a regression analysis. The absorption infrared band 4 (0.77–0.86 µm) was not included in the analysis. In these, the dependable variable was secchi depth (SD) and the LISS-I-radiance data was the estimator variable. Forty-seven data sets of 20 October 1988 from Tawa reservoir surface water were used to obtain an estimator equation for SD. The verification of the estimator equation was tested by applying it to a data set of 21 measurements of 28 September 1988 for this reservoir. The coefficient of correlation between observed and estimated values for the 28 September 1988 data set wasr=0.92 for SD, indicating that the equation could accurately predict the water clarity (SD) for this reservoir on new occasions from IRS-IA-LISS-I spectral data. It is shown that mineral composition and optical properties of suspended sediments influence the reflected radiance of water quality. It is concluded that IRS-IA-LISS-I data provide a useful means of mapping water quality in reservoir.     

Target differentiation with simple infrared sensors using statistical pattern recognition techniques

This study compares the performances of various statistical pattern recognition techniques for the differentiation of commonly encountered features in indoor environments, possibly with different surface properties, using simple infrared (IR) sensors. The intensity measurements obtained from such sensors are highly dependent on the location, geometry, and surface properties of the reflecting feature in a way that cannot be represented by a simple analytical relationship, therefore complicating the differentiation process. We construct feature vectors based on the parameters of angular IR intensity scans from different targets to determine their geometry and/or surface type. Mixture of normals classifier with three components correctly differentiates three types of geometries with different surface properties, resulting in the best performance (100%) in geometry differentiation. Parametric differentiation correctly identifies six different surface types of the same planar geometry, resulting in the best surface differentiation rate (100%). However, this rate is not maintained with the inclusion of more surfaces. The results indicate that the geometrical properties of the targets are more distinctive than their surface properties, and surface recognition is the limiting factor in differentiation. The results demonstrate that simple IR sensors, when coupled with appropriate processing and recognition techniques, can be used to extract substantially more information than such devices are commonly employed for.