Biobased flexible polyurethane foams manufactured from lactide-based polyester-ether polyols for automotive applications

In this study, biobased polyester-ether polyols derived from meso-lactide and dimer acids were evaluated for flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) applications. Initially, the catalyst concentration was optimized for the biobased PUF containing 30% of biobased polyol (70% petroleum-based polyol). Then, the same formulation was used for biobased PUF synthesis containing 10%–40% of biobased polyols. The performance of biobased PUF was compared with the performance of the control foam made with 100% petroleum-based polyol. The characteristic times (cream, top of the cup, string gel, rise, tack-free) of biobased PUF were determined. The biobased PUF were evaluated for the mechanical (tensile and compressive) and morphological properties. As the wet compression set is important for automotive applications, it was measured for all biobased PUF. The thermal degradation behavior of biobased PUF was also evaluated and compared with the control foam. The effect of different hydroxyl and acid values of polyols on the mechanical properties of biobased PUF is also discussed. The miscibility of all components of PUF formulations is crucial in order to produce a foam with uniform properties. Thus, the miscibility of biobased polyols with commercial petroleum-based polyol was studied.     

发电机组转子轴系机电耦联扭振的二重共振研究

找到发电机与直流电动机的气隙磁场能量表达式,应用拉格朗日—麦克思韦方程建立了机组轴系机电耦联的非线性扭振方程组,分别得到了发电机及直流电动机的电磁刚度,从理论和实验研究中发现了新的零阶固有频率,利用多尺度法对非线性扭振方程组进行了求解,得到了二重共振的规律,利用实验室的发电机组模型进行了实验研究,所取得的实验曲线和相应的理论曲线,不论在定性和定量上均有很好的吻合。     

Total-FETI domain decomposition method for solution of elasto-plastic problems

In this paper we present an algorithm for the parallel solution of the rate-independent elasto-plastic problems with kinematic hardening. We assume the von Mises plastic criterion and the associated plastic flow rule. The time discretization is based on the implicit Euler method. The corresponding one-time-step problem is formulated in the incremental form with respect to the unknown displacement and discretized spatially by the finite element method. We use an ‘external’ algorithm based on a linearization of the elasto-plastic stress–strain relation by the corresponding tangential operator and we parallelize the arising linearized problem by the Total-FETI method. The numerical experiments were carried out using our novel C/C++ library FLLOP (FETI Light Layer On top of PETSc) at HECToR supercomputer located at EPCC, UK.     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

A Proposal for Implementing Multi-User Data Base (MUD) Technology in and Academic Library

Multi-user Data base (MUD) technology, and its object-oriented descendant (MOO), is one of the most exciting tools to surface on the Internet, and offers libraries and librarians a unique opportunity to participate in creating user-friendly standardized interfaces to many of our most frequently used resources. These resources include those we access through the Internet already, using gopher, telnet, WWW, and FTP, and also those proprietary databases that we currently access through leased lines such as OCLC First Search, Prism, DIALOG, and many others. MOO technology is already being used successfully to create user-extensible collaborative professional environments for educators, astronomers, and computer network systems administrators. With the growing relevance of the Internet for libraries and other information professionals, it behooves the library community to engage those emerging technologies which will aloow us to interface most effectively with the Internet and its many resources, with the proprietary databases which we depend on, and with one another.     

CNG加气站爆炸燃烧的交通疏散仿真分析

随着石油资源的日益短缺和国家能源战略的调整,环保要求和汽车技术的不断提高,燃气车辆不断增多,与之相对应的车用加气站的数量也越来越多。但是接连发生的加气站燃气泄漏与火灾事故使得加气站的使用安全问题成为日益关注的问题。当加气站出现燃气泄漏与火灾事故时,天然气未立即着火可形成爆炸气体云团,遇火就会发生爆炸,在危险距离以内,人会受到爆炸冲击波的伤害。重点将对CNG加气站爆炸事故后的交通疏散条件制定分级标准,结合实例采用计算机软件仿真疏散分析,对以后进行新建加气站的安全评估分析工作开展提供定量依据。     

基于多元索引后继树的时间序列数据流挖掘

本文以地电前兆观测数据流为研究对象,提出了一种新颖的基于多元索引后继树的时间序列数据流挖掘模型。该模型的主要特点是使用一种新颖的位置索引方法,通过一遍扫描创建描述一个序列的所有元素的绝对位置的多元索引后继树,使用索引匹配方法以模式增长的方式生成频繁模式。理论分析与实验表明,该方法简单、高效,具有很好的实用价值。同时,通过对大量持续的地电前兆观测数据流进行分析处理,挖掘隐藏在其中的反映地电参数正常变化规律及趋势的频繁模式,为发现地电前兆异常识别提供依据,从而辅助进行地震预报。     

面向交互式动画创作结构化剧本的生成

为了减少传统动画制作中手工劳动,实现高效的动画剧本创作,提出了一种面向交互式动画创作的结构化动画剧本生成模型并加以实现。通过一个实际样例阐述了该模型在剧本生成过程的具体应用,并对其结果进行分析,验证了模型的有效性。     

Buoyancy convection in a cavity with mutually orthogonal heated plates

Buoyancy driven convection in a square cavity induced by two mutually orthogonal arbitrarily placed heated thin plates is studied numerically under isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional. The coupled governing equations were solved by the finite difference method using the Alternating Direction Implicit technique and Successive Over Relaxation method. The steady state results are depicted in terms of streamline and isotherm plots. It is found that the resulting convection pattern is stronger for the isothermal boundary condition. A better overall heat transfer can be achieved by placing one of the plates far away from the center of the cavity for isothermal boundary condition and near the center of the cavity for isoflux boundary condition.