Pore network model of deactivation of immobilized glucose isomerase in packed-bed reactors II: three-dimensional simulation at the particle level

Immobilized glucose isomerase is widely used for converting glucose to fructose by enzymatic isomerization. The process takes place in a packed-bed reactor consisting of mesoporous particles with distributed pore sizes and interconnectivities. Its efficiency is, however, significantly affected by deactivation of the mesoporous particles. In this paper, we study deactivation of the mesoporous particles using a three-dimensional pore network model of the pore space with distributed pore sizes and interconnectivities, and investigate several plausible mechanisms of deactivation of the porous particles. The results of the present study, which will be used as the input for simulation of the phenomenon at the reactor level, demonstrates the strong effect of the particles’ morphology on the deactivation process.     

PBT/官能化聚烯烃弹性体共混体系的力学性能与相形态

考察了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物（E-MA-GMA）对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）的增韧作用。结果表明，未接枝的POE弹性体对PBT缺口冲击韧性的改善作用不大。两种官能化聚烯烃弹性体（E-MA-GMA、POE-g-MAH）对PBT具有显著的增韧作用。当弹性体用量分别达到8．5％和10％以后，共混物都各自出现明显的脆／韧转变现象。这意味着在达到同样的冲击韧性时，PBT／E—MA—GMA共混体系的拉伸强度损失较小。SEM显示，PBT／E—MA—GMA共混体系中分散相具有更细微的分散，有效地诱导PBT基体产生银纹和剪切屈服，消耗大量的冲击能。     

Effects of viscosity ratio and composition on development of morphology in chaotic mixing of polymers

This study investigated the effects of viscosity ratio (p) and composition on morphology development in an immiscible polymer system mixed under chaotic flow conditions. It was seen that morphology of the dispersed phase developed through a widely accepted route involving transitions from lamellas to fibrils and to droplets. It was found in experiments with p≥1 that the dispersed phase converted into droplets very rapidly with narrow droplet size distribution when p∼1. For higher values of p, the speed of morphological transitions slowed down, the droplet size distribution became wider, and much larger droplets were formed. Similar effects were observed at higher concentration of the dispersed phase. No self-similar scaling behavior was observed in the droplet size distribution, which can be attributed to the lack of self-similarity in the breakup of lamellas into fibrils.     

一种改进的细胞图像分割算法的研究

针对细胞图像的特点,提出一种改进的基于分水岭算法的细胞图像分割方法。在该方法中．对细胞图像进行数学形态学变换,即采用Top—hat变换后的图像与原始图像相加再减去Bottom—hat变换后的图像以得到最大对比度的图像．继而进行距离变换,最后运用分水岭算法进行分割。实验证明,该改进方法能够得到较好的分割结果。     

Morphology and micromechanical behavior of binary blends comprising block copolymers having different architectures

Morphology and deformation behavior of binary blends comprising styrene/butadiene block copolymers (polystyrene content, Φ_PS∼0.70) having different molecular architectures were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing. In contrast to the binary diblock copolymer blends discussed in literature, the phase separation behavior of the blends investigated was found to be strongly affected by asymmetric molecular architecture. The blends showed macrophase separated grains, in which the structures resembled the microphase morphology of none of the blend components. Unlike the classical rubber-modified or particle-filled thermoplastics, neither debonding at the particle/matrix interface nor the particle cavitation was observed in these nanostructured blends. The microdeformation of the blends revealed plastic drawing of polystyrene lamellae or PS struts dispersed in rubbery matrix and orientation of the whole deformation structures along the strain direction.     

动态硫化工艺对EPDM/PP相态结构及力学性能的影响

采用透射电镜(TEM)研究二次硫化的加工工艺对EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体相态结构及力学性能的影响,研究发现,与传统的一次硫化的加工工艺相比,采用二次硫化加工工艺制备的EPDM/PP弹性体,硫化橡胶能以颗粒态均匀分散于PP的连续相中,其力学性能也较一次硫化制备的样品有较大提高。     

复杂背景下设备防篡改技术的研究

当今社会,科学技术飞速发展,传统的设备防篡改技术面临巨大挑战。为此,本文提出一种复杂背景下基于图像分割和识别的设备防篡改方法。利用涂有红外涂料的标识条,以检测设备是否被篡改。在MATLAB下进行仿真分析,通过图像预处理、图像分割、图像数学形态学处理等一系列操作,最终得到正确标识条的图像,证明本文方法的可行性,并对基于图像分割和识别的防篡改技术前景进行了展望。     

高压凝固对Al-Mg合金枝晶形态的影响

利用OLYMPUS光学显微镜研究了高压凝固对Al-9．6Mg合金枝晶形态的影响。结果表明，与常压下典型的破碎的粗大枝晶组织相比，高压凝固条件下，枝晶臂较完整，二次枝晶间距减小，并且大部分一次枝晶臂增长。从高压对成分过冷和热过冷的影响及溶质扩散角度探讨了枝晶形态的变化机理。高压这种极端凝固条件为改变合金的组织形态提供了一种新途径。     

Morphological analysis and classification of types of surface corrosion damage by digital image processing

This paper examines a new concept of corrosion surface damage analysis by using the digital image processing. Corrosion phenomena are analyzed using a digital value for morphological surface damages instead of electrochemical methods. Initial images are characterized by three categories: color, texture and shape features. To calculate corrosion surface damages color we use the interpretation of HIS model. For the texture attributes, the method of co-occurrence matrix is used. Five types of corrosion damage are examined. Multidimensional scaling procedure is used to define the classification plane. This study suggests a probabilistic method of decision-making. This analysis develops a method for automated identification system of corrosion damages and is supposed to be more advantageous than that of electrochemical techniques.     

基于置换群的遥感图像边缘检测

遥感图像在成像过程中会产生噪声,进行滤波去除噪声、从中恢复出有用图像,成为遥感图像进一步研究和应用的基础。在数学形态学的基础上引入置换群的相关理论,提出了一种结构元素变换算法,由传统形态学中单一固定结构元变换出多个形态结构元,不同形状的图像信息可选择不同形态的结构元来处理,适用于含噪遥感图像边缘检测,结果表明,算法与传统算法相比能取得较好的图像边缘处理效果。