门静脉高压症术后再出血的外科治疗

目的 评价外科治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血各种术式的疗效。方法 回顾30年外科治疗门静脉高压373例中术后再出血66斧正临床资料。其中首次手术方式分别有单纯脾切除术、门奇静脉断流术、各类非选择性分流术、联合手术（断流加分流）,术后再出血率分别为26.67%、17.86%、14.58%和4.35%,再手术组55例中食管下段胃底切除42例,肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流（MCS）11例,再断流2例,非手术组11例。结果 食管下段胃底切除组手术死亡率9.52%(4/42),随访平均11年,再出血率9.52%(4.42),脑病发生率14.29%(6/42);再断流组2例术后1个月内死亡;MCS组11例无手术死亡,随访平均7.5年,无再出血,脑病发生率9.09%（1/11）;非手术组11例均为门静脉高压性胃病（PHG）。结论 联合手术能有效减少门静脉高压术后再出血,MCS是目前治疗再出血较理想的手术方式。     

原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓患者合并肝门淋巴结转移手术疗效的比较研究

目的探讨原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓合并肝门淋巴结转移的手术疗效。方法 2001年1月～2003年12月28例肝癌伴门静脉癌栓术中发现肝门淋巴结肿大行肝门淋巴结清扫术,将有肝门淋巴结转移的15例设为淋巴结转移组,无肝门淋巴结转移的13例设为非淋巴结转移组,对2组患者的无瘤生存期和总生存期情况进行比较。结果淋巴结转移组生存2～13个月,中位生存期4个月,无瘤生存1～8个月,无瘤中位生存期3个月;非淋巴结转移组患者生存3～69个月,中位生存期11个月,无瘤生存2～32个月,无瘤中位生存期7个月。2组患者的无瘤生存期和总生存期有显著性差异（χ2=5.786,P=0.038;χ2=3.963,P=0.045）。结论伴有肝门淋巴结转移的原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓患者的手术疗效较差,即使行肝门淋巴结清扫也不能达到根治效果,并不能显著提高该病人的生存期。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成导管溶栓术后髂静脉病变支架治疗的前瞻性对照性研究

目的观察下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)导管接触性溶栓(CDT)术后髂静脉支架治疗髂静脉病变的疗效。方法本研究为单中心前瞻性随机对照研究。155例下肢DVT患者经CDT治疗后,髂静脉远端主干静脉完全通畅,髂静脉残留狭窄大于50%者中的74例患者随机分为对照组和实验组:实验组45例行髂静脉支架置入,对照组29例髂静脉未置入支架。观察指标:深静脉通畅率,CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)变化,静脉临床严重程度计分(VCSS)变化及生活质量调查表(CIVIQ)评分。结果术后患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。行静脉造影或彩超检查,实验组40例,对照组27例,实验组与对照组的终点通畅率比较差异有统计学意义[87.5%(35/40)vs29.6%(8/27),P<0.05];实验组与对照组的1年累积通畅率比较差异有显著统计学意义(86.0%vs54.8%,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组的CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)术前术后差值比较差异有统计学意义(1.61±0.21vs0.69±0.23,P<0.01)。随访终点实验组及对照组VCSS术后两组差值比较差异有统计学意义(7.57±0.27vs6.56±0.23,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组CIVIQ调查表终点评分比较差异均有统计学意义(22.67±3.01vs39.34±6.66,P<0.01)。结论髂静脉支架对下肢DVT导管溶栓术后治疗髂静脉病变能够提高深静脉的通畅率,提高疗效,提高生活质量。     

胃左静脉血流参数测定在食管静脉破裂出血预测中的意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检测诊断胃左静脉血流与肝硬化门脉高压致食管静脉破裂出血的关系及预测价值。方法设正常对照组(30例),门脉高压患者60例,依据既往有无出血史分为出血组(25例)和未出血组(35例),应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)分别测定两组患者门静脉(PV)和胃左静脉(LGV)血流动力学参数,并与正常组对比,三组间进行综合参数分析。结果胃左静脉血流变化在三组间均有显著差异(P<001),综合评估CDFI对预测出血的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为925%、945%和925%。结论CDFI测定胃左静脉血流对预测食管静脉曲张破裂出血可提供有价值的临床参考数据。     

间尼索地平和尼索地平对兔离体心肌和血管平滑肌的作用(英文)

应用离体兔心肌和血管比较间尼索地平(m—Nis)和尼索地平(Nis)的负性变时、负性变力及对动、静脉收缩的抑制作用.m—Nis对离体右心房自发收缩频率和左心房及右心室乳头肌由电刺激所致收缩的抑制作用均较Nis为弱.两药对胸主动脉环收缩的抑制作用相似,而m—Nis对门-肠系膜静脉的抑制作用弱于Nis.表明m—Nis对血管选择性高,对动脉收缩的抑制作用强于静脉.     

原位肝移植的血管重建问题(附12例报告)

目的 探讨原位肝移植的血管重建问题。方法 回顾性分析我院近8个月来所施行的12例原位肝移植，探讨其血管变异问题。血管吻合技术及术中、术后应用凝血因子和止血药物的效果。结果 12例供肝中有2例肝动脉变异。血管吻合采用血管外科显微技术，5例术中术后应用凝血酶原复合物、纤维蛋白原等补充凝血因子，全组术后彩色多普勒超声检测均未发现肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等血管并发症。结论 原位肝移植中供肝的肝动脉变异是比较多见的，修剪肝动脉时应加以注意，避免误伤；血管吻合应坚持采用血管外科显微技术，可明显减少血管并发症的发生；适当应用凝血因子、止血药物是安全有效的，不会增加肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等并发症。     

TACE 术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值对原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓患者预后预测的价值

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值（aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index,ALRI）在原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓（primary liver cancer-portal vein tumor thrombosis,PLC-PVTT）患者预后预测中的价值。方法 选取2013年11月21日至2018年8月22日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受TACE治疗的175例PLC-PVTT患者为研究对象。采用时间依赖性ROC曲线确定ALRI的最佳临界值。采用Cox 回归模型分析总生存期（overall survival,OS）的独立预测因素,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 ROC曲线显示,ALRI的最佳临界值为49.37,对应曲线下面积为0.71。Kaplan-Meier分析显示,ALRI>49.37的患者OS较ALRI≤49.37的患者短（P=0.003）。Cox 回归分析结果显示,ALRI>49.37、行1次以上TACE治疗、Child-Pugh分级B级、凝血酶原时间≥13 s是患者TACE术后OS的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 TACE术前ALRI>49.37是PLC-PVTT患者OS的独立危险因素。     

双途径介入与单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌疗效评价

目的 :探讨双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌的应用价值。方法 :选择 1999年 8月 - 2 0 0 1年 10月进行介入治疗的原发性肝癌患者 6 5例 ,其中单纯行TACE 34例 (TACE组 ) ,行TACE和PEI双介入治疗31例 (双介入组 )。全部病例定期做CT检查和AFP测定 ,观察肿瘤客观疗效。结果 :TACE组肿瘤客观有效率 (CR +PR) 35 3% ,AFP下降幅度 5 6 1% ,2年生存率 5 0 % ;双介入组客观有效率 6 4 5 % ,AFP下降幅度 78 6 % ,2年生存率 6 1 3% :2组间差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定 ,优于单纯应用TACE。     

Increased heparanase level and procoagulant activity in orthopedic surgery patients receiving prophylactic dose of enoxaparin

Background

Orthopedic hip and knee surgeries are followed by a hypercoagulable state. Heparanase is implicated in inflammation, coagulation activation and angiogenesis. Recently, heparanase was shown to directly interact with tissue factor (TF) and to enhance the generation of factor Xa (Nadir et al., Haematologica, 2010). In addition, an assay assessing heparanase procoagulant activity has been lately developed (Nadir et al., Thromb Res, 2011). In the present study heparanase level and procoagulant activity in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were assessed.

Methods

The study group included 50 orthopedic patients. 31 patients underwent hip surgery and 19 had knee operation. 15 individuals suffered from traumatic hip fractures and 35 had osteoarthrosis of hip or knee joints. All patients received prophylactic dose of enoxaparin starting 6-8 hours post operation and lasting for 5 weeks. Plasma samples were drawn preoperatively and at 1 hour, 1 week and 1 month post operation. Samples were tested for heparanase levels by ELISA and TF/heparanase complex activity, TF activity, heparanase procoagulant activity, factor Xa and thrombin levels using chromogenic substrates.

Results

Heparanase levels were significantly higher 1 hour and 1 week post operatively compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, respectively). The most dramatic changes were observed in heparanase procoagulant activity reaching a 2 fold increase 1 week postoperatively and 1.7 fold increase 1 month after surgery (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively). Levels of factor Xa and thrombin did not significantly change.

Conclusions

Heparanase is involved in coagulation activation of orthopedic surgery patients. Heparanase procoagulant activity is highest 1 week postoperatively and remains high 1 month after operation. Considering extending prophylactic anticoagulant therapy or evaluating heparanase procoagulant activity may potentially prevent late thrombotic events.     

Incidence and predictive factors of symptomatic thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in chemotherapy patients

Introduction

The incidence of symptomatic catheter-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients remains unclear and there is a lack of reliable data on the risk factors of PICC-related DVT.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive cancer patients who received an ultrasound guided PICC line for the administration of chemotherapy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for symptomatic PICC-related DVT.

Results

In total, 340 cancer patients obtained PICC lines for the administration of chemotherapy. Of these patients, 19 (5.6%; 95% CI: 3.6-8.6) developed symptomatic PICC-related DVT. Factors previously associated with catheter-related DVT, including side of catheter placement, lumen size, tip location, need for repositioning, and number of insertion attempts, were not significant determinants in our analysis. Patients with diabetes were three times more likely to develop PICC-related DVT (OR 3.0, p = 0.039), while the presence of COPD and metastatic cancer also increased the odds (OR 3.3, p = 0.078 and OR 2.3, p = 0.083 respectively). Diabetes remained a significant risk factor after adjustment for effect of metastases and COPD (OR 3.175, p = 0.039). Further, the presence of metastases was a significant predictor (OR 3.34, p = 0.024) in our multivariable model.

Conclusions

Symptomatic PICC-related DVT are frequent in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Previously described factors associated with catheter-related thrombosis were not predictive of PICC-related DVT in our study. Diabetes, advanced disease and COPD appear to increase the risk of developing PICC-related DVT in chemotherapy patients.