几种为Authorware制作的CAI课件节省磁盘空间的方法

文章结合实践介绍了在应用Authorware制作CAI课件时,通过采用对媒体素材的压缩、程序方面的压缩和文件发布及安装时的压缩等操作,使课件“减肥”,以达到节省磁盘空间的几种措施和方法。     

人参茎叶皂苷对热损伤大鼠不同脏器糖皮质激素受体的影响

目的:观察人参茎叶皂苷(ginsenosides,GSS)对热损伤大鼠不同脏器糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoidreceptor,GR)的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为:(1)正常对照组,室温下饲养,蒸馏水灌胃;(2)GSS治疗组,室温下饲养,GSS灌胃;(3)热损伤模型组,蒸馏水灌胃,制作热损伤模型;(4)热损伤模型GSS治疗组,GSS灌胃,制作热损伤模型。采用放射配体结合法检测大鼠脑、胸腺、肺和肝细胞液GR结合活性;逆转录聚合酶链反应法测定脑、肝细胞液GRmRNA的水平;放射免疫法测定血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropin,ACTH)和皮质酮(corticosterone,CS)的浓度。结果:热损伤模型GSS治疗组大鼠脑、肺和肝细胞液GR结合活性以及脑和肝细胞液GRmRNA表达水平均明显高于单纯热损伤模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);热损伤模型GSS治疗组大鼠血浆ACTH和CS浓度与单纯热损伤模型组比较则无明显差异。结论:GSS可缓解热损伤大鼠不同脏器GR结合活性的下降幅度,其作用机制可能与促进GRmRNA的表达有关。     

中药对大鼠自发性慢性胰腺炎的干预作用及其方证病态基础

目的探讨桂枝汤、柴胡桂枝汤、小柴胡汤和卡莫司他对大鼠自发性慢性胰腺炎的干预作用及其方证病态基础。方法57只雄性4周龄WBN/Kob大鼠随机分为5组模型组、桂枝汤组、柴胡桂枝汤组、小柴胡汤组和卡莫司他组,每组大鼠均予以相应药物干预,共12周。每4周取大鼠胰腺组织观察胰腺湿重;HE染色观察胰腺组织病理学改变;RT-PCR技术检测大鼠胰腺胰腺炎相关蛋白(pancreatitis-associatedprotein,PAP)mRNA的表达水平;免疫组织化学方法检测胰腺PAP蛋白的表达。结果模型组自12周龄起胰腺组织发生胰腺炎病理学改变;桂枝汤组未观察到胰腺炎病理学改变;小柴胡汤组和卡莫司他组在16周龄时,胰腺组织均发生明显的胰腺炎病理学改变。桂枝汤组抑制PAPmRNA表达的作用大于其他各中药干预组。桂枝汤组和柴胡桂枝汤组在12周龄时,未发现胰腺PAP的表达。结论桂枝汤、柴胡桂枝汤、小柴胡汤和卡莫司他对大鼠自发性慢性胰腺炎具有不同程度的防治作用,其中以桂枝汤的作用最为明显。“太阳表证”可能是大鼠自发性慢性胰腺炎的中医基本证候病机,PAP的表达可能是其证候病机的病态基础之一。     

静脉与硬膜外PCA用于剖宫产术后镇痛的对比观察

目的：比较自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）和自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）用于剖宫产术后镇痛的有效性、安全性及不良反应。方法：选择剖宫产术后病人90例，随机分为PCIA组、PCEA组和对照组，每组30例。PCIA组和PCEA组术后立即使用自控镇痛（PCA）泵．对照组则不用任何药物镇痛。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）对术后1、4、8、24、48h各时间段进行镇痛效果评价和镇静评分并同时观察病人术后肠蠕动恢复情况、拔尿管后排尿情况、子宫复旧情况及产后出血、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果：同一时间段PCIA组与PCEA组VAS评分比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）．但均小于对照组（P〈0．01）；术后肠蠕动恢复时间、子宫复旧情况、产后出血及恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡等不良反应发生率三组比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）；拔尿管后排尿困难发生率PCIA组明显低于PCEA组（P〈0．05）；呼吸循环抑制PCEA组多于PCIA组，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：PCIA组与PCEA组均有良好的术后镇痛效果．但PCIA组拔尿管后排尿困难的发生率低．对呼吸循环影响小，镇痛质量优于PCEA组。     

氨氯地平复方丹参滴丸对高血压大鼠血管壁重塑的干预

目的：探讨氨氯地平片（络活喜）加复方丹参滴丸对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）血管壁重塑的干预。方法：将32只10周龄雄性SHR随机分成空白对照组（SHRc）、阴性对照组（SHRNs）、阳性对照组（SHRA）和治疗组（SHRA＋D）四组，每组8只。空白对照组未作治疗即测定各指标，并与8只同周龄Wistar鼠比较。除空白对照组外，后三组分别经生理盐水、络活喜、络活喜加复方丹参滴丸治疗8周后处死，测定各项指标。结果：与wistar组比较，空白对照组及阴性对照组血压明显增高、管腔增大、血管壁明显增厚，尤以血管中层平滑肌细胞（VSMC）肥大为主；经治疗后，阳性对照组及治疗组血压明显降低，血管壁增厚得到遏制；阳性对照组与治疗组之间比较，治疗组血管壁变薄更明显，但无统计学意义。结论：络活喜通过降低血压遏制SHR血管壁重塑，加复方丹参滴丸治疗能进一步遏制血管壁重塑，但可能表现为时效关系。     

植物中低含量铅的石墨炉原子吸收测定法

目的探索植物中低含量铅的石墨炉原子吸收测定方法。方法采用还原钯作基体改进剂,允许灰化温度高达1 000℃,利用高灰化温度降低背景吸收,消除基体干扰。结果铅检出限0.018 3μg/L,对3种基准物质进行了8次重复测定,其相对标准偏差为1.30%~4.20%。结论对茶叶基准物质GBWO 7605及猪肉基准物质GBWO 8552测定结果良好。石墨炉原子吸收法适用于植物样品中低含量铅的测定,灵敏度高,精密度和准确性好。     

Interaction of the C-terminal tail region of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 with the protein kinase C substrate PICK1

Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are highly enriched in the presynaptic terminals of glutamatergic synapses where they mediate feedback inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify a direct interaction of the C-terminal tail region of mGluR7 with the rat homologue of the protein kinase C substrate PICK1. This interaction is specifically mediated by the very C-terminal amino acids of the receptor and can be reconstituted in human embryonic kidney 293 cells by transfection of full-length mGluR7 and PICK1 cDNAs. Quantitative beta-galactosidase assays revealed that among the different group III mGluRs, mGluR7 is the major PICK1 binding partner although other subfamily members can also interact with PICK1. These data indicate that PDZ domain-containing proteins might contribute to the presynaptic localization of group III mGluRs.     

Subcellular compartmentalization of a potassium channel (Kv1.4): preferential distribution in dendrites and dendritic spines of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

Voltage-dependent ion channels have specific patterns of distribution along the neuronal plasma membrane of dendrites, cell bodies and axons, which need to be unravelled in order to understand their contribution to neuronal excitability and firing patterns. We have investigated the subcellular compartmentalization of Kv1.4, a transient, fast-inactivating potassium channel, in fusiform cells and related interneurons of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. A polyclonal antibody which binds to a region near the N-terminus domain of a Kv1.4 channel was raised in rabbits. Using a high-resolution combination of immunocytochemical methods, Kv1.4 was localized mainly in the apical dendritic trunks and cell bodies of fusiform cells, as well as in dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, likely cartwheel cells. Quantitative immunogold immunocytochemistry revealed a pronounced distal to proximal gradient in the dendrosomatic distribution of Kv1. 4. In plasma membrane localizations, Kv1.4 was preferentially present in dendritic spines, either in the spine neck or in perisynaptic locations, always away from the postsynaptic density. These findings indicate that Kv1.4 is largely distributed in dendritic compartments of fusiform and cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Its preferential localization in dendritic spines, where granule cell axons make powerful excitatory synapses, suggests a role for this voltage-dependent ion channel in the regulation of dendritic excitability and excitatory inputs.     

Variations in maternal behaviour are associated with differences in oxytocin receptor levels in the rat

Female Long-Evans rats exhibit stable individual differences in maternal behaviours such as pup licking/grooming and arched-back nursing posture (LG-ABN). These variations in maternal behaviour are accompanied by differences in lactation-induced increases in oxytocin receptor levels in brain regions known to mediate the expression of maternal care in this species (i.e. the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area and the lateral septum). Oxytocin receptor levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala were significantly higher in high compared to low LG-ABN females regardless of reproductive status. These findings suggest that individual differences in maternal behaviour may be directly related to variations in oxytocin receptor expression.     

改进HPLC测定血浆中西沙必利样品的处理方法

目的　改进提取血样中药物的方法 ,以提高测定灵敏度。方法　将血浆样品用 2 . 0mol·L-1NaOH碱化 ,先用混合溶媒正己烷 -乙醚 -异丙醇 (4∶1∶0 . 2 5 )提取样品中的西沙必利 ,然后向含有药物的混合溶媒中加入环己烷 ,再用 0 .5mol·L-1磷酸反提有机溶媒中的药物 ,用磷酸液直接进样。结果　加入环己烷后再用磷酸反提药物 ,可以使回收率至少提高 32 %。结论　这种样品处理方法既消除了杂质对药物测定的干扰 ,也保证了较高的提取回收率。