Role of pulsed electromagnetic fields after joint replacements

Although the rate of patients reporting satisfaction is generally high after joint replacement surgery, up to 23% after total hip replacement and 34% after total knee arthroplasty of treated subjects report discomfort or pain 1 year after surgery. Moreover, chronic or subacute inflammation is reported in some cases even a long time after surgery. Another open and debated issue in prosthetic surgery is implant survivorship, especially when related to good prosthesis bone ingrowth. Pulsed Electro Magnetic Fields(PEMFs) treatment, although initially recommended after total joint replacement to promote bone ingrowth and to reduce inflammation and pain, is not currently part of usual clinical practice. The purpose of this review was to analyze existing literature on PEMFs effects in joint replacement surgery and to report results of clinical studies and current indications. We selected all currently available prospective studies or RCT on the use of PEMFs in total joint replacement with the purpose of investigating effects of PEMFs on recovery, pain relief and patients' satisfaction following hip, knee or shoulder arthroplasty. All the studies analyzed reported no adverse effects, and good patient compliance to the treatment. The available literature shows that early control of joint inflammation process in the first days after surgery through the use of PEMFs should be considered an effective completion of the surgical procedure to improve the patient's functional recovery.     

脉冲电磁场促进人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨的研究

目的 :观察脉冲电磁场 (PEMFs)对人骨髓间充质干细胞 (hMSCs)成骨能力的影响。方法 :hMSCs受频率 12Hz、场强 1.1mT的PEMFs刺激 8h/d ,检测细胞增殖、细胞周期 ,观察细胞超微结构、骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色 ,碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性、核固红钙染色。结果 :脉冲电磁场作用后的细胞增殖能力提高 ,细胞形态发生变化 ,透射电镜观察提示细胞成熟 ,核固红钙染色、骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色均阳性 ,ALP活性增高。结论 :hMSCs经合理的PEMFs体外刺激后 ,细胞增殖加速 ,符合成骨细胞的形态特征和生物学特性。     

BEMF对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨组织bFGF表达的影响及意义

目的 观察BEMF对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨组织bFGF蛋白表达的影响,探讨BEMF治疗骨质疏松的机理.方法 6月龄雌性未孕Wistar大鼠40只,按体质量随机分为模型组（OVX）、假手术组（Sham）、仿生脉冲电磁场治疗组（BEMF＋OVX,EM）、雌激素治疗组（Estrogen＋OVX,E）.OVX、EM、E组行双侧卵巢切除术,Sham组行假手术.术后第9 W开始治疗：E组行苯甲酸雌二醇肌肉注射,0.5mg/kg,1次/2 W.EM组大鼠暴露于仿生脉冲电磁场治疗,1 h/1次/d,OVX、Sham组不予以任何处理,作为对照组.治疗10 W后处死各组实验动物,测量腰椎骨密度、椎体的最大载荷、扫描电镜观察椎体骨结构的变化.采用免疫组化检测椎体骨组织中bFGF蛋白表达情况并以图像分析进行组间比较.结果 治疗10 W后EM组大鼠骨密度、椎体的最大载荷较OVX组显著性增高（P＜0.05）,骨结构明显改善.bFGF的表达主要位于成骨细胞、骨细胞,EM组椎体骨组织中bFGF表达显著性高于OVX组（P＜0.01）.结论 提高骨组织中bFGF的表达是BEMF治疗骨质疏松的重要机理之一.     

经颅重复磁刺激对人脑皮层兴奋性的影响

目的　研究经颅重复磁刺激（rTMS）对人脑运动皮层兴奋性的影响。方法　5Hz×30次或15Hz×30次rTMS,以相当于120%静止运动阈值的强度,作用于12名青壮年志愿者,并利用成对的条件-检测刺激方法检验rTMS对皮层内抑制（ICI）及皮层内易化（ICF）的影响。结果　15HzrTMS显著抑制ICI达3.4min,兴奋ICF达1.5min,而运动阈值仅被降低约30s。5HzrTMS仅显著抑制ICI30s,而对ICF及运动阈值无影响。结论　高频阈上rTMS能一过性抑制皮层内抑制环路并提高皮层内兴奋性环路的活动。     

极低频弱电磁场对大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的 研究极低频弱电磁场短期及长期照射对大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法 用Helmholtz线圈产生50Hz,强度连续可调的均匀弱电磁场(0．1、1．2、1．6 mT),分别对青龄(2～3月)及大龄(18个月)SD大鼠照射10d～8个月,通过Morris水迷宫实验检测电磁场照射后大鼠逃避潜伏期和穿环系数以反应定位航行和空间探索行为功能的变化。结果 青龄大鼠照射10d,0．1、1．2、1．6 mT组的逃避潜伏期缩短,穿环系数增大,1．2、1．6 mT组与对照组差异有显著性;1．6 mT组停止照射30d后逃避潜伏期和穿环系数与对照组差异无显著性;1．2 mT组连续照射90d,潜伏期延长,穿环系数减少,与对照组差异有显著性。大龄大鼠0．1 mT组照射10d,潜伏期变化不显著;照射4个月后潜伏期延长,照射8个月后潜伏期延长更显著。结论 50Hz弱电磁场对青龄大鼠短期电磁场照射可以暂时促进学习记忆,但长期照射则抑制学习记忆;对大龄大鼠长期弱照射明显抑制学习记忆能力。     

主动脉瓣狭窄下游流场均匀性研究

目的 :通过研究主动脉瓣 (AV)狭窄下游流场均匀性指标 ,探讨按照常规分类标准程度分类不同的患者流场均匀性之间的差异 ,探讨该指标对AV狭窄程度分类的意义 ,以及对AV狭窄患者手术时机选择的临床价值。　方法 :对 33例不同程度的AV狭窄患者 ,采用多普勒超声诊断仪于左室长轴及心尖五腔切面分别测定各点的峰值血流速度 ,并且计算各切面的最大速度差值 (△Vmax)作为流场均匀性指标 ,并且与主动脉瓣口面积进行统计分析比较。　结果 :不同程度AV狭窄之间流场均匀性存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :①流场均匀性指标简单、易行、重复性好 ,可作为AV狭窄患者的临床随访指标 ;②该指标对AV狭窄程度的分类有重要的参考价值 ;③该指标对AV狭窄患者手术时机的选择有重要的临床价值。     

胶质母细胞瘤的治疗策略

胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma multiforme,GBM）是一种破坏性极强、难以治愈的神经系统肿瘤。临床治疗以手术切除为主,并结合放疗、化疗及电场治疗等多种治疗手段。但GBM侵袭性强、手术难以彻底根除,故患者预后差、死亡率居高不下。因此,延长患者生存时间并提升其生存质量一直是GBM治疗的重要目标。本文将基于GBM治疗策略加以探讨。     

Impairments in spatial representations and rhythmic coordination of place cells in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and highly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinically, patients with AD display impairments in episodic and spatial memory. However, the underlying neuronal dysfunctions that result in these impairments remain poorly understood. The hippocampus is crucial for spatial and episodic memory, and thus we tested the hypothesis that abnormal neuronal representations of space in the hippocampus contribute to memory deficits in AD. To test this hypothesis, we recorded spikes from place cells in hippocampal subfield CA1, together with corresponding rhythmic activity in local field potentials, in the 3xTg AD mouse model. We observed disturbances in place cell firing patterns, many of which were consistent with place cell disturbances reported in other rodent models of AD. We found place cell representations of space to be unstable in 3xTg mice compared to control mice. Furthermore, coordination of place cell firing by hippocampal rhythms was disrupted in 3xTg mice. Specifically, a smaller proportion of place cells from 3xTg mice were significantly phase‐locked to theta and slow gamma rhythms, and the theta and slow gamma phases at which spikes occurred were also altered. Remarkably, these disturbances were observed at an age before detectable Aβ pathology had developed. Consistencies between these findings in 3xTg mice and previous findings from other AD models suggest that disturbances in place cell firing and hippocampal rhythms are related to AD rather than reflecting peculiarities inherent to a particular transgenic model. Thus, disturbed rhythmic organization of place cell activity may contribute to unstable spatial representations, and related spatial memory deficits, in AD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

新型肿瘤电场治疗仪治疗复发脑胶质母细胞瘤的前瞻性、单中心、单臂探索性临床试验方案

多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是原发性脑肿瘤中恶性程度最高的一种肿瘤,不但进展迅速且预后极差。肿瘤电场治疗（TTF）已被批准用于治疗GBM且具有良好的疗效。但是,尚无有关中国GBM患者采用TTF治疗的临床资料。该文报告一项复发性GMB的前瞻性、单中心、单臂探索性临床试验方案。该试验采用笔者开发的新型肿瘤电场治疗系统ASCLU-300,对参加者进行治疗。主要是评价该治疗系统的安全性和可行性。通过评估与治疗相关不良反应的患者人数,及根据进展时间（TTP）和总生存期（OS）来评价治疗反应;根据神经肿瘤治疗反应评价(RANO)标准进行评估,通过对比MRI检查确定TTP,并通过随访收集OS数据;与治疗相关的不良反应评估将基于描述性方法;通过Kaplan-Meier方法评估TTP和OS。这项初步研究将为进一步的大规模试验打下坚实基础,同时笔者希望新型肿瘤电场治疗系统能够有效治疗GBM,为中国GBM患者提供新的治疗方案。（临床试验注册：NCT0441793;于2020年6月8日注册。）