CT影像组学列线图评估肺腺癌脏层胸膜侵犯

目的 建立CT影像组学列线图模型,观察其评估肺腺癌脏层胸膜侵犯(VPI)的价值。方法 回顾性分析183例经术后病理证实的肺腺癌患者,以7 ∶ 3比例将其随机分为训练集(n=128)及验证集(n=55);根据有无VPI进一步分为浸润组和非浸润组。基于肺CT图像提取影像组学特征,构建影像组学评分(Rad-score)。以多因素logistic回归分析筛选训练集内组间差异具有统计学意义的影像学表现,构建常规模型,并结合Rad-score绘制列线图,对比观察其判断肺腺癌伴VPI的效能,以及列线图模型判断腺癌伴VPI结果与实际结果的一致性及其差异。结果 最终以8个影像组学特征构建Rad-score。多因素logistic回归分析显示,病灶存在分叶征、瘤内坏死、胸膜牵拉及Rad-score是判断肺腺癌伴VPI的独立因素(P均＜0.05)。以同时存在分叶征、瘤内坏死及胸膜牵拉为常规模型,结合Rad-score所绘制的列线图模型判断训练集与验证集肺腺癌伴VPI的AUC分别为0.875、0.865,优于常规模型在训练集的0.779、验证集的0.805,以及Rad-score模型在训练集的0.810和验证组的0.803,差异具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。校准曲线及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果均显示,列线图模型判断训练集及验证集肺腺癌患者伴VPI与实际结果的一致性良好(P均＞0.05)。结论 CT影像组学列线图模型判断肺腺癌伴VPI应用价值良好。     

T790M突变与TKI获得性耐药的晚期肺腺癌患者预后的相关性

目的 前瞻性分析T790M突变与一代TKI获得性耐药的晚期肺腺癌患者预后的相关性。方法 选择符合条件入组的肺腺癌患者93例,经二代测序(NGS)测出表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)敏感突变及T790M的突变状态,分二线或三线使用奥希替尼作为EGFR-TKI治疗方案,对照选择化疗和或放疗治疗方案。评估二三线治疗的客观缓解率(ORR), 疾病控制率(DCR)和无疾病进展生存期(PFS)。结果 T790M阳性和阴性患者组中的ORR差异无统计学意义( P=0.084),而DCR差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。将治疗线数分开,二线使用奥希替尼在T790M的两种不同状态下,ORR和DCR差异均有统计学意义(ORR :P =0.022;DCR:P =0.016)。三线使用奥希替尼在T790M的两种不同状态下,同样发现差异也具有统计学意义(ORR: P=0.016;DCR: P=0.011)。通过Mann-WhitneyU检验提示,T790M的突变状态与PFS显著相关,其中所有人群中(P<0.01)、二线治疗人群中(P=0.022)和三线治疗人群中( P=0.016)。对所有的患者进行KM生存分析,观测到总体的PFS与T790M的突变状况有关(P<0.01)。在T790M阳性组中,患者基因检测中出现EGFR19外显子和21外显子的PFS差异有统计学意义(P=0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析,21外显子 vs 19外显子(HR=0.551, 95%CI =0.357~0.853, P=0.007);T790M阳性 vs T790M阴性( H R=2.972, 95% C I=1.643~5.379, P<0.01)。肿瘤直径≥5 cm vs 肿瘤直径<5 cm (HR=0.575, 95%CI =0.373~0.085, P=0.012)。结论 T790M突变阳性患者预后优于T790M突变阴性患者。对于T790M阳性的患者二线或三线使用奥希替尼未观测到PFS差异。晚期肺腺癌T790M阳性患者可在一代EGFR-TKI药物耐药后应用三代EGFR-TKI治疗。     

Circumferential and focal radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus

This invited profile summarizes the technical aspects and clinical trial results related to the use of circumferential and focal radiofrequency ablation in the management algorithm for Barrett’s esophagus. What makes this relatively new endoscopic intervention unique is its promising safety and efficacy profile reported in published clinical trials. This technology appears to have overcome many of the limitations of prior endoscopic ablative modalities, and is thus garnering a role in the management of this disease state.     

胃粘液腺癌分泌细胞器电镜酶细胞化学研究

利用酶细胞化学方法对胃粘液腺癌细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6-Pase)焦磷酸硫胺素酶(TPPase)和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)进行了光、电镜 水平的定位观察。作者发现胃粘液腺癌G6Pase、TPPase反应较弱,AcP反应多明显增强;电镜下呈弱G6Pase反应的内质网常被挤至细胞周边部或夹于粘液颗粒之间,呈“点彩”状;TPPase反应除见于高尔基体扁平膜囊外,还见于一些未成熟分泌颗粒内,提示分泌颗粒的加工和分泌加速;癌细胞溶酶体数量增加,泌噬作用活跃,AcP反应明显.作者认为胃粘液腺癌分泌功能异常活跃与其畸形分化过程有关;溶酶体的大量增加为其易于转移提供了必要的形态学基础。     

Solitary cardiac metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma

Solitary cardiac metastasis is rarely recognized. We report a case of solitary cardiac metastasis from a rectal adenocarcinoma that was manifested as superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Invasion of the deep cardiac structures was so severe that only its palliative resection and right atrial reconstruction were performed using a cardiopulmonary bypass to release the SVC obstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged home without any complications. Adjuvant chemotherapy could not be performed because of the renal dysfunction. Eleven months later, the patient died from multiple metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Even though the surgery was not curative, it might be effective for release from symptoms and for elongating life expectancy.     

原发性十二指肠腺癌X线分析

目的:提高对原发性十二指肠腺癌X线检查的诊断准确性。材料与方法:8例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠腺癌,对其X线检查的嚷现进行分析。结果及结论:原发性十二指肠腺癌是罕见疾病,X线钡餐造影、低张力造影是检查本病的主要方法,但要结合应用内窥镜及CT检查,提高本病的诊断准确性。     

Natural fluorescence of normal and neoplastic human colon: A comprehensive “ex vivo” study

Background and Objective : A microspectrofluorometric analysis on “ex vivo” samples from normal tissue and adenocarcinoma of the human colon has been performed to characterize the histological, biochemical, and biophysical bases of the autofluorescence. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Differences between normal and tumor tissues are found that concern both the intensity distribution and spectral shape of the autofluorescence emission. The different pattern of the fluorescence intensity can be related to the histological organization of the tissue, and involves mainly the arrangement of the submucosa, the most fluorescent layer. Results: The most evident differences in the spectral shape found in the 480–580 nm range involve the stromal compartment, seem to be due to the presence of different fluorochromes, and are possibly related to the host response to the tumor. Conclusion: The nature and the extent of the autofluorescence modification between normal and tumor tissue in sections explain at least partly the evidence of the “in vivo” analysis and highlight the importance of excitation for full exploitation of the potentials of autofluorescence in diagnosis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.