Murine Model for Contact Sensitization

A method combining murine ear swelling and lymph node cell proliferation was evaluated as a quantitative measurement of delayed-contact sensitization. The method involves one and/or four occluded, abdominal induction applications; use of pertussis toxin as an adjuvant; topical challenge to the ear; baseline and postchallenge ear measurements; and measurement of ¹²⁵I incorporation in axillary lymph nodes after injection of 5-[¹²⁵I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([¹²⁵I]UdR). The inclusion of vehicle-induced/test chemical-challenged control groups permits objective recognition of positive responses by statistical analysis. This model—intended for use in screening for the sensitization potential of topical therapeutics—was evaluated with the known sensitizers tetracaine, naloxone, and oxazolone and with the irritant sodium dodecyl sulfate. Axillary lymph node cell proliferation measured by ¹²⁵I incorporation was a more sensitive measurement of contact sensitization than ear swelling. It was essential to perform both one and four inductions because tetracaine gave the greatest lymph node response after one induction, whereas naloxone produced a sensitization response only after four inductions. Ear swelling response to tetracaine increased after four inductions; however, ear swelling response was not observed after either one or four inductions of naloxone. After one or four inductions of the strong sensitizer, oxazolone, lymph node and ear swelling responses were observed. As expected, no significant ear swelling or lymph node response to sodium dodecyl sulfate was observed after one or four inductions. This method allows quantitative evaluation of contact sensitization by two separate measurements, thereby increasing the potential of identifying sensitizers missed by other methods.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯浸提液对人外周血单核细胞的体外遗传毒性

目的： 研究生物可降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯[poly(butylene succinate)，PBS]浸提液对人外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells，PBMCs)的体外遗传毒性。方法：参照GB/T 16886-2005标准制备PBS浸提液。采用MTT试验评价不同浓度(200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125 mg/mL) PBS浸提液对PBMCs的细胞毒性；并进行染色体畸变试验和微核试验评价其体外遗传毒性。同时设溶剂RPMI-1640和医用级左旋聚乳酸(L-polylactide，L-PLA)对照组。结果：PBS浸提液对PBMCs的细胞毒性与溶剂对照和L-PLA比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；200 mg/mL PBS浸提液在代谢活化和非代谢活化条件下与PBMCs共培养48 h后染色体畸变均为阴性；200 mg/mL PBS浸提液诱发的微核细胞数与溶剂对照组和L-PLA组相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：在本试验条件下，生物可降解材料PBS浸提液在体外对PBMCs无遗传毒性，其影响与医用级L-PLA相当。     

射波刀验收检测方法及思考

介绍新一代四维放射外科治疗设备射波刀（Cyberknife）的组成、主要参数及检测方法。射波刀以其亚毫米级的治疗精度,机械臂6个方向的运动维度,较常规放疗设备具有较大优势。笔者通过对射波刀实际的验收检测,总结其验收方法,并结合实际情况引发对射波刀验收检测工作的思考。     

佛山市禅城区中小学生肺结核感染和患病现况

目的了解佛山市禅城区中小学生结核菌感染和肺结核患病现况,为主管部门提供学校结核病防治工作决策依据。方法整群抽取佛山市禅城区中小学新生19 685名进行PPD试验,检查结果采用SPSS 16.0统计分析。结果佛山市中小学生PPD总体阳性率为52.0%,强阳性率3.6%,发现5例活动性肺结核病人,患病率为28.76/105。初中学生PPD阳性4 737例(51.5%),强阳性307例(3.3%);小学生阳性3 689例(45.1%),强阳性311例(3.8%);初中生阳性率低于小学生(χ2=70.36,P<0.01)。受检男生中,阳性4459例(46.1%),强阳性255例(2.6%);女生中,阳性3 967例(51.4%),强阳性363例(4.7%),女生阳性率高于男生(χ2=124.39,P<0.01)。有肺结核患者的学校PPD阳性和强阳性检出率高于无肺结核患者的学校(χ2=31.76,P<0.01),患者所在班级PPD总体阳性率高于无患者的班级(χ2=9.28,P=0.01)。结论佛山市中小学学生结核菌感染率和活动性肺结核患病率较高,初中生、女生易感,患者所在班级和学校结核菌感染率较高。因此,要针对重点人群,加强佛山市中小学生结核病防治工作。     

平板运动试验阳性的女性患者冠脉造影结果分析

目的 探讨女性平板运动试验(TET)假阳性的原因及颈动脉斑块检查对冠心病无创性诊断的意义.方法 对96例TET阳性的女性患者进行冠脉造影(CAG)及颈动脉斑块检查,对三种检查结果进行比较,回顾性分析女性患者出现平板运动试验假阳性的原因.结果 CAG证实为冠心病(CHD)58例(占60.4%),非CHD 38例(占39.6%);颈动脉斑块检查阳性者71.2%被证实为CHD,而阴性者仅36.7%被证实为CHD;非CHD 38例中临床最后诊断:心血管神经症20例,高血压病4例,单纯血脂异常4例,糖尿病3例,X综合征2例,高血压合并糖尿病2例,冠状动脉心肌桥2例,心尖部肥厚型心肌病1例.结论 平板运动试验假阳性与心血管神经症、X综合征、冠状动脉肌桥、高血压病、糖尿病等因素有关,心血管神经症为最常见病因.TET结合颈动脉斑块检查可显著提高冠心病无创性检查的诊断率.     

Occurrence of Flavonol Sulphates in Alchornea laxiflora

For the first time, quercetin-3',4'-disulphate (1) and another novel flavonol sulphate quercetin-7,4'-disulphate (2) were isolated from an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the crude methanol extract of Alchornea laxiflora. Purification of these compounds was carried out by column chromatography utilising Sephadex LH 20 with 30% toluene in ethanol as eluent. Structural elucidation was by UV, IR, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by FAB-MS.     

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des EKG bei leistungsdiagnostischen Untersuchungen

The European approach of preparticipation screening to prevent sudden cardiac deaths in sports consists of anamnesis, physical examination and ECG. The knowledge of training-related ECG alterations reduces false-positive results. In high performance sports in Germany and some other countries, an exercise ECG is additionally performed. The implementation of the exercise ECG is generally recommended for athletes older than 35 years. Under laboratory conditions, ECG at rest and during exercise can be involved in the performance diagnostics. Measurements of lactate and respiratory parameters during bicycle and treadmill ergometry can be combined with ECG.     

Skin Sensitization in School Children in Northern and Southern Norway

It has been suggested that environmental exposures and living conditions can explain some of the worldwide variation in atopic disorders. Norway has large environmental contrasts within the country. We compared skin prick sensitization rates among school children living in the southern subarctic and in the northern artic part of Norway. Approximately one quarter of the children were sensitized, mostly against pollen and animal dander, while mite and mould sensitization seemed to be a minor problem. Sensitization rates and profiles were similar in the north and south despite differences in living conditions and environmental exposures.     

Evaluation of the Colilert® Test for Detection of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Water

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of the Colilert® test for detection of different isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and other verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) serotypes from water for potential on-farm food safety application. E. coli isolates evaluated were of human, bovine, porcine, or food origin. The sensitivity of the Colilert® test was 92% overall for the verotoxin-producing serotypes of E. coli. However, none of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates were identified as E. coli. No false-positive results for E. coli were detected. The Colilert® test could be used to screen water supplies for E. coli on the farm, however, an important pathogenic E. coli sero-type is not detected by the Colilert® test.     

各类医用电气设备标准间电气安全指标的差异

本文统计了各类医用电气设备标准，分析了各标准间电气安全指标的差异，以指导临床工程师在不同医用电气设备的安全测试、维修或预防性维护丁作中采用合适的电气安全标准。