小儿外科患儿父母情绪障碍的调查研究

目的调查小儿外科患儿父母的情绪状态,为促进临床治疗及改善医患关系提供干预依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）对200例小儿外科患儿父母进行调查,将结果与常模进行比较。结果小儿外科手术患儿父母的SAS和SDS评分分别为（38．58±7．42）分和（48．26±8．59）分,明显高于常模的（29．78±10．07）分和（41．88±10．57）分（t=9．16,5．45,P〈0.01）。结论小儿外科患儿父母存在不同程度的焦虑抑郁情绪,临床医护人员对他们应给予积极干预。     

人性化服务在健康体检护理中的应用效果

目的探讨分析人性化服务在健康体检护理中的应用效果。方法选取2013年6～12月在本院接受健康体检者600例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组．每组300例,对照组采用传统方法进行健康体检,研究组采用人性化服务,比较两组的体检时间、体检质量评分、体检效率评分、健康宣教评分及护理满意度。结果研究组的体检时间短于对照组,体检质量、体检效率、健康宣教评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。研究组的护理满意度为99．33％,显著高于对照组的73．33％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论人性化服务可提高体检服务质量、缩短体检时间,增加体检效率,提高受检者的满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

Melt-Spun Photoluminescent Polymer Optical Fibers for Color-Tunable Textile Illumination

The increasing interest in luminescent waveguides, applied as light concentrators, sensing elements, or decorative illuminating systems, is fostering efforts to further expand their functionality. Yarns and textiles based on a combination of distinct melt-spun polymer optical fibers (POFs), doped with individual luminescent dyes, can be beneficial for such applications since they enable easy tuning of the color of emitted light. Based on the energy transfer occurring between differently dyed filaments within a yarn or textile, the collective emission properties of such assemblies are adjustable over a wide range. The presented study demonstrates this effect using multicolor, meltspun, and photoluminescent POFs to measure their superimposed photoluminescent emission spectra. By varying the concentration of luminophores in yarn and fabric composition, the overall color of the resulting photoluminescent textiles can be tailored by the recapturing of light escaping from individual POFs. The ensuing color space is a mean to address the needs of specific applications, such as decorative elements and textile illumination by UV down-conversion.     

Conceptual Study and Manufacturing of a Configurable and Weld-Free Lattice Base for Automatic Food Machines

The study is aimed at developing a modular lattice base for automatic food machines, starting with a solution already patented by some of the authors. In this case, welded carpentry modules were interlocked with a system of profiles and metal inserts, also in welded carpentry, and the union was stabilized by structural adhesive bonding. Since welding involves long processing times and thermal distortions to be restored later, the driver of this study is to limit the use of welding as much as possible while increasing the modularity of the construction. For this purpose, various solution concepts have been generated where a common feature is the presence of rods of the same geometry and section to be joined together in configurable structural nodes. The concepts are qualitatively evaluated in light of the requirements, and the selected concept is digitally and physically prototyped. The prototype has been in service from over 5 years without showing any problems whatsoever.     

Effect of Ankle Torque on the Ankle–Foot Orthosis Joint Design Sustainability

The ankle joint of a powered ankle–foot orthosis (PAFO) is a prominent component, as it must withstand the dynamic loading conditions during its service time, while delivering all the functional requirements such as reducing the metabolic effort during walking, minimizing the stress on the user’s joint, and improving the gait stability of the impaired subjects. More often, the life of an AFO is limited by the performance of its joint; hence, a careful design consideration and material selection are required to increase the AFO’s service life. In the present work, a compact AFO joint was designed based on a worm gear mechanism with steel and brass counterparts due to the fact of its large torque transfer capability in a single stage, enabling a compact joint. Further, it provided an added advantage of self-locking due to the large friction that prevents backdrive, which is beneficial for drop-foot recovery. The design was verified using nonlinear finite element analysis for maximum torque situations at the ankle joint during normal walking. The results indicate stress levels within its design performance; however, it is recommended to select high-grade structural steel for the ankle shaft as the highest stresses in AFO were located on it.     

Structure-Based and Rational Design of a Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine is a critical yet unfulfilled step in addressing the global disease burden of HCV. While decades of research have led to numerous clinical and pre-clinical vaccine candidates, these efforts have been hindered by factors including HCV antigenic variability and immune evasion. Structure-based and rational vaccine design approaches have capitalized on insights regarding the immune response to HCV and the structures of antibody-bound envelope glycoproteins. Despite successes with other viruses, designing an immunogen based on HCV glycoproteins that can elicit broadly protective immunity against HCV infection is an ongoing challenge. Here, we describe HCV vaccine design approaches where immunogens were selected and optimized through analysis of available structures, identification of conserved epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies, or both. Several designs have elicited immune responses against HCV in vivo, revealing correlates of HCV antigen immunogenicity and breadth of induced responses. Recent studies have elucidated the functional, dynamic and immunological features of key regions of the viral envelope glycoproteins, which can inform next-generation immunogen design efforts. These insights and design strategies represent promising pathways to HCV vaccine development, which can be further informed by successful immunogen designs generated for other viruses.     

Harmonisation of respiratory medicine: the success story of European curriculum development

In 2005, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) launched a project to harmonise education and training and to address the heterogeneity of respiratory health training across Europe. Since then, various educational activities have been developed for different target audiences. This article will describe the overall methodology and the projects developed over the years, detailing their objectives and target audiences. Moving forward, ERS strives to provide a structure for the continuing professional development of respiratory physicians.     

智慧医疗在居家安宁疗护中的研究现状

居家安宁疗护(HBPC)是安宁疗护的服务模式之一,智慧医疗作为一种新兴的信息技术,为HBPC高质量发展提供了新的契机。目前国内外已有研究报道将智慧医疗应用至HBPC中能够取得较好的效果,本文围绕智慧医疗的概念,对HBPC的应用形式、应用效果、应用困境及对策进行综述,旨在为我国医务人员在HBPC中深入开展智慧医疗照护模式提供参考依据。     

晚期癌症患者痛苦体验：一项丧失与疏离死亡相关的质性研究

目的 深入了解晚期癌症患者痛苦体验,为制定个体化的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用描述性现象学的方法,进行目的性抽样,于2022年4月至6月对湖南省某三级肿瘤专科医院的安宁疗护病房的15例晚期癌症患者进行半结构式深度访谈。采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料的分析、归纳与主题提炼。结果 晚期癌症患者痛苦体验可分为3个主题、9个亚主题:丧失相关痛苦(自我完整性丧失、自我尊严感丧失、自我价值感丧失、生命意义丧失);疏离相关痛苦(社会关系疏离、情感联结疏离);死亡相关痛苦(想到死亡充满恐惧、面对死亡不安焦虑、期待死亡结束痛苦)。结论 晚期癌症患者的痛苦体验涵盖丧失、疏离、死亡多个维度,具有多样性和个体性,应提供有针对性的干预措施,从而提高其生活质量。     

老年脆性股骨颈骨折治疗现况

脆性股骨颈骨折是骨科常见的老年性疾病,致残、致死率高,备受临床重视,虽治疗方案成熟,但仍有争论。近年来国内外针对此类型骨折的治疗进行了深入探索,从细化传统内固定的手术操作、引入新型内固定方式及计算机导航/机器臂辅助的内固定治疗,到半髋/全髋关节置换方式及骨水泥型/非骨水泥型髋关节假体的选择及双动全髋关节假体的临床应用,均有了进一步发展。本文就老年脆性股骨颈骨折的最新治疗方案进行梳理,以期为临床提供更多有价值的参考。