雪莲果成分及药理活性研究进展

雪莲果中主要含有酚酸、黄酮、倍半萜内酯、低聚果糖等化合物，在抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、抑菌、抗癌等方面作用明显。雪莲果根茎及叶中含有大量的酚酸类化合物，主要为咖啡酸及其衍生物，该类物质使得雪莲果具有明显的抗氧化作用。同时，该类物质也可通过改善胰岛素敏感性而产生降低血糖的作用。低聚果糖在雪莲果块茎中含量丰富，可通过调节肠道菌群平衡而改善肠道功能。雪莲果叶表面的香毛簇中含有倍半萜内酯类化合物，该类物质可明显抑制癌细胞的增殖，其中uvedafolin、enhydrofolin活性较强，并且该类物质对革兰氏阳性菌具有明显的抑制作用。在结构上，环氧基团的数量的差异，与抗癌、抑菌作用的强弱有一定关联。除此之外，雪莲果中还含有挥发油、脂肪酸、甾醇、二萜、对羟基苯乙酮衍生物以及辛酮糖酸衍生物等化合物，具有抗阿尔茨海默病、保护肾脏、降血脂等药理作用。然而，目前对雪莲果中化合物的分离鉴定等方面的研究还不完善，相关药理作用仍有待深入。因此通过查阅国内外相关报道，对雪莲果中的化学成分和药理作用进行归纳总结，以期对雪莲果的综合开发利用提供参考。     

Quantitative cancer inhibitory of hydroxytyrosol in olive oil compounds: an overview of observational and experimental studies

Hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), an important phenol present in olives, stands out as a compound of high value due to its excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. Hydroxytyrosol (HTyr, 4-(2-(hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzendiol)) is one of the main phenolic compounds in olives, virgin oil and waste water obtained during the production of olive oil. HTyr has been confirmed as the antioxidant with the highest free radical scavenging capacity, and is more active than antioxidant vitamins (C and E) as well as the synthetic antioxidants. Studies (human, animal, in vivo and in vitro) have shown many beneficial attributes of this ortho-diphenol compound, e.g. anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Similar to other polyphenols, HTyr was shown to prevent atherosclerosis through the inhibition of LDL oxidation. Furthermore, polyphenols extracted from the virgin olive oil containing mainly HTyr were also shown to inhibit different kinds of cancer, e.g. proliferation of human leukemia cells and colon carcinogenesis. This work summarizes current knowledge on the bioavailability, biological activities (e.g. anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity) and major active components of olive oil (containing mainly HTyr).     

Human urinary kallidinogenase in treating acute ischemic stroke patients: analyses of pooled data from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase IIb and phase III clinical trial

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy are recommended for patients whose stroke onsets are within first 6 h, and very few options are available for patients whose stroke onset is more than 6 h, which includes most ischemic stroke patients. Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) showed potential clinical benefits in acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aims to investigate the safety and clinical benefits of HUK in ischemic stroke patients.

Patients and methods: Patients were recruited for a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II b and phase III trial. Neurophysiological outcomes were assessed by the European Stroke Scale (ESS) and the functional outcomes were assessed by the activity of daily living scale (ADL). Safety was monitored by recording adverse events.

Results: The improvements in ESS scores and ADL scores in the HUK group were significantly greater than that in patients receiving placebo. Furthermore, HUK treatment was also associated with a lower rate of disable, according to ADL. HUK-related adverse events occurred at a low rate, in 1.73% of HUK-treated patients.

Conclusion: HUK is safe and provides potential clinical benefits as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Further large post-marketing observational studies are needed.     

急诊科联合病房早期肺康复程序在AECOPD患者中的应用

目的 促进慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者肺康复。 方法 按急诊就诊时间将82例AECOPD患者分为对照组40例、观察组42例，两组均予常规治疗及护理，在此基础上对照组行常规肺康复措施；观察组组建多学科肺康复团队、制订和实施为期4周的三阶段肺康复方案。 结果 干预后，观察组患者的肺功能指标、动脉血氧饱和度、上下肢运动耐力评分、日常生活活动能力评分显著高于对照组，焦虑抑郁评分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 多学科协作下急诊科联合病房早期分阶段肺康复方案可有效改善AECOPD患者肺功能及运动耐力，从而改善患者心身状态。     

《药物分析》课程本科教学改革和思考

目的　分析《药物分析》课程在当今药学本科教育培养过程中的现状，探索《药物分析》课程在新时代药学教育背景下的教学改革与创新，构建符合药学培养要求、满足社会市场需要的复合型药学人才培养模式。方法　第一阶段，开展教学改革的建议和需求调查；第二阶段，开展《药物分析》课程改革探索与实践；第三阶段，教学效果评价。结果　需求调查显示《药物分析》课程的教学内容、课程设计、教学手段亟须进一步优化和拓展。结论　该课程通过调整教学内容、拓展教学手段、创新多元化实践教学、融入"课程思政"建设等，激发了学生的学习兴趣和创新精神，强化了学生理论素养和实践能力，培养了其国际化视野和崇高的职业道德。     

Oral mixing ability and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: A cross‐sectional study

Masticatory performance has been positively associated with cognitive ability in both animals and healthy humans. We hypothesised that there would also be a positive correlation between masticatory performance and cognition in older persons suffering from dementia. Older persons suffering from dementia (n = 114) and receiving institutionalised care were studied in a cross‐sectional design. The assessments included masticatory performance, which was measured objectively with a two‐colour gum mixing ability test, and cognition, which was assessed with a multidomain neuropsychological test battery. Significant relationships were observed between masticatory performance and general cognition and between masticatory performance and verbal fluency. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the correlation with general cognition was influenced by the scores for dependency in activities of daily living. The association between verbal fluency and masticatory performance was not significantly affected by secondary variables. An unexpected limitation of this study was the high dropout rate for the mixing ability test. The clinical implications of these findings are profound; care professionals should endeavour to maintain and stimulate mastication in older persons with dementia in an attempt to preserve cognition.