超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺术的个人学习曲线初步研究

目的探讨超声引导下无负压甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学（US-FNAC）的学习曲线规律及其影响因素。 方法收集分析2017年6月至2018年月6月西安交通大学医学院附属陕西省肿瘤医院由同一医师完成的135例US-FNAC患者的操作耗时及临床病例资料，将患者按手术先后分9组（A~I组），每组15例定为一手术阶段后进行两两对比分析，比较各阶段的操作耗时、并发症及操作无效率。根据得出结果将135例患者分为前、中、后（X、Y、Z）3组，比较组间差异，进一步验证结果。 结果在A组至I组进行两两对比统计学分析得出，在A~D组间操作耗时均存在统计学差异（均P<0.05），在D组与E组间出现转折即两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.561），而E~I组间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。X、Y、Z 3组比较中，X组操作耗时明显长于Y组和Z组［分别为（6.23±1.38）min、（3.47±0.45）min、（3.21±0.45）min］，X组与Y组和Z组差异均有统计学意义（t=18.07、23.15，均P<0.05），Y、Z两组对比无显著差异（t=1.92，P=0.067）。随着操作例数的增加，并发症及无效操作的发生率逐渐降低。 结论对于期望熟练掌握US-FNAC技术的超声医师，遵循对操作的全面认知和科学操作步骤，在指导下开展45例左右的US-FNAC后，可望快速安全越过学习曲线转折点。     

基于Faster-RCNN的肺结节检测算法

针对目前的肺结节检测中存在的个体差异、同病异影、同影异病的问题,提出一种大样本条件下的基于Faster-RCNN的肺结节检测算法,对比研究目前的深度学习模型的适应性,给出一种通用的随着样本数量增加肺结节检测率持续提升的策略。首先搭建深度学习的软硬件环境,设置影像数据接口与Faster-RCNN的网络接口匹配;然后搭建Faster-RCNN的单类分类网络,并对网络结构的参数进行调整优化;最后用包含2 000例病人的肺结节数据集,通过不同的卷积神经网络模型 (包括ZF和VGG),计算CT图像在各自模型中的特征。对测试结果进行分析评估,分别统计其漏检率、检测准确率,并探讨不同训练数量和数据增广类型对最终检测准确率的影响。最终ZF模型的检测准确率为90.82%,准确率的波动方差为13.30%;VGG模型的检测准确率为87.02%,准确率的波动方差为37.10%。ZF模型的波动方差小,检测精确度高,综合考虑,ZF模型对肺结节的检测效果优于VGG模型的检出效果。所提出的肺结节检测技术具有良好的理论价值和工程应用价值。     

面部玻璃异物1例报道

<正>面部外伤后异物存留的病例并不少见。对于单个的、较大的、位置表浅的异物,手术取出相对较为容易;而对于大量的、细小的、位置较深且较分散的异物,要做到手术彻底清除,对口腔颌面外科医生而言是一个挑战[1]。兹有右侧面部玻璃刺伤后大量异物存留的病例1例,该病例经过手术治疗后,达到彻底清除的效果,现报道如下。1临床资料患者女性,69岁,自诉9 h前不慎摔倒,头部撞碎玻璃门后,右侧面部被下方的玻璃刺入,即感患     

Inhibition of enamel demineralization and bond‐strength properties of bioactive glass containing 4‐META/MMA‐TBB‐based resin adhesive

We investigated the enamel demineralization‐prevention ability and shear bond strength (SBS) properties of 4‐methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride/methyl methacrylate‐tri‐n‐butyl borane (4‐META/MMA‐TBB)‐based resin containing various amounts (0–50%) of bioactive glass (BG). Disk‐shaped specimens were immersed in distilled water and ions released were analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic‐emission spectroscopy. Samples were also immersed in lactic acid solution (pH 4.6) to estimate acid‐neutralizing ability. Brackets were bonded to human premolars with BG‐containing resins and the bonded teeth were alternately immersed in demineralizing (pH 4.55) and remineralizing (pH 6.8) solutions for 14 d. The enamel hardness was determined by nanoindentation testing at twenty equidistant distances from the external surface. The SBS for each sample was examined. The amounts of ions released [calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), silicon (Si), and boron (B)] and the acid‐neutralizing ability increased with increasing BG content. After alternating immersion, the specimens bonded with the BG‐containing resin with high BG content were harder than those in the other groups in some locations 1–18.5 μm from the enamel surface. Bioactive glass‐containing (10–40%) resin had bond strength equivalent to the control specimen. Thus, the SBS obtained for BG‐containing resin (6.5–9.2 MPa) was clinically acceptable, suggesting that this material has the ability to prevent enamel demineralization.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of bioactive glass fillers against Candida albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base materials: An in vitro study

BackgroundDentures with antimicrobial properties are desirable for preventing Candida albicans adhesion. This study was to assess the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG) on C. albicans adhesion, surface roughness, and hardness of denture base materials.MethodsHeat-polymerized (HP) and autopolymerized (AP) acrylic resins were used to fabricate 240 disk specimens (120/material, 60/C. albicans, 60/surface roughness and hardness). Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the BAG concentration: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the acrylic powder, with a control group comprised of unmodified specimens. Direct culture method was used to assess C. albicans adhesion. A profilometer and Vickers hardness test were used to measure surface roughness and hardness respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsBAG addition significantly decreased the C. albicans count when compared with the control group (P < 0.001) for both HP and AP. Regarding surface roughness, there was no change in the HP acrylic resins (P > 0.05), while the AP acrylic resins exhibited significantly higher surface roughness with BAG addition (P < 0.001). The hardness of the HP and AP acrylic resins were significantly higher with the addition of BAG (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe addition of BAG to HP and AP acrylic resins effectively decreases C. albicans adhesion. The roughness of AP acrylic resins increases with the addition of BAG, while the hardness of both HP and AP acrylic resins increase with the addition of BAG.     

Large cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodules in a patient with nephrotic syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodules(CEAN) are rare, benign, vascular lesions characterized by benign proliferation of endothelial cells with prominent epithelioid features, which can be easily confused with benign and malignant vascular tumors. However, the etiology of CEAN remains unclear, and no association with infection, trauma, or immunosuppression has been described.This case study indicated that CEAN is closely related to the patient’s impaired immune status and may be induced by cyclosporine.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome(NS) developed large CEAN on the left foot during treatment for NS. He had repeated relapses of edema in the past 6 years and different types of immunosuppressants were administered including methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and cyclosporine;the dosages of these drugs were frequently adjusted. The patient had been receiving cyclosporine and methylprednisolone for 7 mo before he developed CEAN.Cyclosporine was discontinued due to its side effects on skin. After cessation of cyclosporine and 16 mo follow-up, the nodules gradually disappeared without any other treatment for the CEAN.CONCLUSION Impaired immune status is proposed to be a risk factor for CEAN, which may be induced by cyclosporine.     

健康体检者7097名甲状腺结节检出情况与临床特点

目的分析潍坊地区健康体检者甲状腺结节的检出情况,了解本地区甲状腺结节的患病率与甲状腺结节的临床特点。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的横断面调查方法对2010年1月至2012年12月在我院健康体检并行甲状腺超声检查的7 097名体检者的甲状腺结节检出情况进行分析,比较不同年龄、不同性别结节检出率、结节大小、结节数目之间的差异;对超声检出结节者全部进行甲状腺功能检查。结果 7 097名体检者中有2 458名检出甲状腺结节,总检出率为34.63%,随着年龄增长而增加,趋势性卡方检验结果有统计学意义(男χ2=834.17,女χ2=625.85,均P=0.001);男、女性检出率分别为31.4%、40.74%,女性明显高于男性,女性检出年龄早于男性。单发结节检出率随着年龄的增长而减少,多发结节检出率随着年龄的增长而增加(χ2=71.55,P=0.016),单发结节检出率男性多于女性(56.87%vs.43.26%,χ2=91.857,P=0.01),多发结节反之(43.18%vs.58.47%,χ2=248.65,P=0.01);小结节、中等结节和大结节的检出率男性分别为78.91%、17.22%、4.32%;女性分别为70.13%、20.59%、10.09%。本组体检者共检出甲状腺癌11例,恶性结节占所检出结节的0.45%。用Logistic回归分析的方法评价甲状腺结节与甲状腺功能的关系显示,年龄、性别进入回归方程(P=0.023,0.001),TSH、FT3、FT4水平和TGAb、TPOAb是否阳性与甲状腺结节的发生无相关性(P>0.05)。结论应用高分辨率超声使甲状腺结节检出率明显增高,甲状腺结节已成为健康体检人群常见、多发的疾病之一,随着年龄增加,甲状腺结节的检出率明显增加。