Deciphering the myth of icariin and synthetic derivatives in improving erectile function from a molecular biology perspective: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveAlthough epimedium herb (EH) has been widely used in ancient Chinese medicine to enhance sexual activity, its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Modern studies have shown that epimedium herb is rich in icariin (ICA, a flavonoid compound), and 91.2% of icariin is converted to icariside II (ICA II) by hydrolytic enzymes in intestinal bacteria after oral administration. YS-10 is a synthetic derivative of icariside II. The aim of this review was to summarize the contemporary evidence regarding the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic properties, and molecular biological mechanisms of ICA and some ICA derivatives for erectile dysfunction therapy.MethodsA detailed search was conducted in the PubMed database using keywords and phrases, such as “icariin” AND “erectile dysfunction”, “icariside II” AND “erectile dysfunction”. The publication time is limited to last 20 years. Articles had to be published in peer reviewed journals.Key Content and FindingsICA and its some derivatives showed the specific inhibition on phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and the promotion of testosterone synthesis. In addition, by regulating various reliable evidence of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, TGFβ1/Smad2, p38/MAPK, Wnt and secretion of various cytokines, ICA and ICA derivatives can activate endogenous stem cells (ESCs) leading to endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation, nerve regeneration and fibrosis inhibition, repair pathological changes in penile tissue and improve erectile function.ConclusionsICA and some of its derivatives could be a potential treatment for restoring spontaneous erections. In addition ICA and his derivatives may also be valuable as a regenerative medicine approach for other diseases, but more clinical and basic researches with high quality and large samples are recommended.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因型多态性与原发性高血压左室重？…

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）基因型与原发性高血压患者左室重量指数的相关性。方法 用ＰＣＲ方法分别检测１５８例原发性高血压患者ＡＣＥＧ,并做超声心动图检查,测量左室舒张末径（ＤＬＶｄ）、室间隔厚度（ＩＶＳ）及左室后壁厚度（ＰＷＴ）,根据Ｄｅｖｅｒｅｕｘ公式计算左室重量（ＬＶＭ）＾「１」和左室重量指数ＬＶＭＩ（ＬＶＭＩ＝ＬＶＭ／体表面积）。结果 各基因型组中,Ⅱ型的ＬＶＭＩ为（１１７．２６ｇⅡ     

初中生流行性癔症调查

目的：探讨初中生流行性癔症的原因与特点。方法采用流行病调查、卫生学监测、流行性癔症诊断和处理方法,分析34例流行性癔症的临床资料及发病原因。结果本次初中生癔症发病率为6．3％,男女比例为1：4．67;男生发病率为2．45％,女生发病率为9．56％,女生显著高于男生（ P＜0．01）;≥14岁学生发病率高于其他两个年龄段的学生,≥14岁女生发病率显著高于同龄男生（P＜0．01）。癔症患者均为在校发病,发作地点多为教室和操场,发作时周围均有人,临床表现大致相同,急性反复发作,无夜间发作病例。结论流行性癔症的发病与特定的环境、心理暗示和个体认知能力有关,临床表现特殊,应早诊断早干预,特别应加强青春期女生的心理辅导。     

厄贝沙坦联合阿托伐他汀治疗原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚的疗效

目的探讨厄贝沙坦联合阿托伐他汀在原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚中的临床治疗效果。方法选择2010年12月²012年12月住院的52例原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚作为研究对象,按照系统随机化分为两组,对照组24例常规治疗基础上予以厄贝沙坦治疗,观察组28例常规治疗基础上联合厄贝沙坦、阿托伐他汀治疗,观察比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果两组经过治疗后的血压及左心室质量指数得到显著改善,观察组的改善效果明显好于对照组,差异比较均具有统计学意义(p<0.05),观察组治疗有效率为96.43%,对照组的治疗有效率为83.33%,组间比较差异具统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦联合阿托伐他汀是治疗原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的有效用药方案,值得临床推广应用。     

原发性高血压病CAS与HP感染的相关性研究

目的:通过观察原发性高血压病(EH)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CAIMT)、幽门螺杆菌抗体(HP-IgG)、血脂、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及同型半胱氨酸(HCY)的结果,探讨EH患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与HP感染的相关性。方法:以150例EH患者为研究对象,检测CAIMT、血脂及血清HP-IgG、hs-CRP、HCY结果,CAIMT的测量采用彩色多普勒超声仪,HP-IgG检测采用胶体金法,据CAIMT和HP-IgG结果分组后进行统计学对比分析。结果:1150例EH患者中89例CAIMT>1.0 mm为内膜增厚,67例HP-IgG(+)为HP感染。HP感染CAIMT增厚者显著高于HP非感染者(P<0.05),CAIMT增厚HP感染者显著高于CAIMT非增厚者(P<0.05)。2EH组患者并发CAIMT增厚与HP感染具有显著相关性(r=0.787,P<0.01)。3HP感染者血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HCY和hs-CRP水平均显著高于HP非感染者(P<0.05),血清HDL-C水平显著低于HP非感染者(P<0.05)。结论:EH患者CAS与HP感染具有相关性,可能通过影响血脂代谢、炎性反应及HCY水平促进CAS发生发展,清除或预防HP感染可能是防治EH合并CAS的策略之一。     

Could socioeconomic inequity in bronchiolitis admissions be reduced through intervening on gestational age? A principled analysis of cohort data

Background

About 4% of infants in England are admitted to hospital for bronchiolitis, an acute lung infection, and the rates are unequal among socioeconomic groups. However, the causal pathways of this inequity are yet to be determined. We aimed to establish the extent to which socioeconomic inequity in hospital admissions for bronchiolitis would be reduced if disparities in gestational age were eliminated.

Cytogenetic follow-up in chronic myeloid leukemia

Twenty-six patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph¹)-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia have been followed up cytogenetically. Twelve patients were found to have chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Ph¹, either in the chronic phase or during progression of disease. The most common abnormality observed was an additional chromosome No. 19 although trisomy 8, a second Ph¹ and isochromosome 17 were also observed.