Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Innominate Bone Rotation in Female Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

BackgroundPatients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are known to have abnormal pelvic morphologies; however, rotation of innominate bone features remains unclear. Thus, we investigated innominate bone rotation in patients with DDH by measuring the associated angles and distances using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography.MethodsWe defined four straight lines in pelvic 3D models: from the anterior superior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine, from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the posterior inferior iliac spine, from the pubic tubercle to the ischial spine, and from the pubic tubercle to the ischial tuberosity. Similarly, we measured the angles formed by these lines using the vertical axis of the anterior pelvic plane on the horizontal plane and the horizontal axis on the sagittal plane. Additionally, we measured the distances between the femoral head centers and the acetabular centers in the coronal plane.ResultsThe difference in internal rotation angle between the superior and inferior parts of the iliac bone was significantly lower, by approximately 1.7°, in the DDH group than in the control group (p = 0.007); the difference between the inferior and superior parts of the ischiopubic bone was significantly higher, by approximately 1.5°, in the DDH group (p < 0.001). In the sagittal plane, the sum of the superior aspect of the iliac bone and the inferior aspect of the ischium was significantly lower in the DDH group (p = 0.001) than in the control group. The distances between the femoral heads and the acetabula were significantly greater in the DDH group than in the control group (p = 0.03, p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with DDH had a more internally rotated ilium and ischiopubic bone than normal individuals; however, it should be emphasized that internal rotation was reduced near the acetabulum, and the acetabulum was shifted laterally. Similarly, it was shown that patients with DDH had different rotations of the ilium and ischiopubic bone in the sagittal plane.     

Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care: A prospective 10-year follow-up study

BackgroundChild welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood.MethodsSeventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed.ResultsIn the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples.ConclusionsOur findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.     

发展性照顾护理模式对低出生体重儿生长发育和神经行为发育的影响

目的 探讨发展性照顾护理模式对低出生体重儿生长发育和神经行为发育的影响。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月我院收治的86例低出生体重儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组（n=43）和观察组（n=43）。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采用发展性照顾护理模式干预。比较两组的生长发育和神经行为发育情况。结果 出院时,观察组的身长、头围和体质量增长均显著优于对照组（P <0.05）。干预前,两组的MDI、 PDI评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;出院时,观察组的MDI、 PDI评分均显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 发展性照顾护理模式在低出生体重儿中应用效果显著,可有效促进低出生体重儿的生长发育和神经行为发育。     

A reproductive screening test of hawthorn

AIM OF STUDY: Hawthorn (Crataegus) has a long history as a medicine. The current clinical use of hawthorn as a heart medicine dates back to the late 19th century. It is well tolerated clinically yet contraindicated in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the safety of hawthorn to the developing fetus, pregnant rats were dosed daily by gavage using 56 times the human dose of hawthorn on either gestation days (GD) 1-8 or GD 8-15. On GD 20, fetuses were weighed and examined for signs of external, internal or skeletal malformations. Rat fetuses were also explanted on GD 10.5 and cultured with hawthorn extract for 26 h. RESULTS: Hawthorn did not have an adverse effect on embryonic development in vivo or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: While the results suggest that hawthorn, taken at the recommended dose would have no adverse effects on embryonic development this may be due to the low bioavailability of some hawthorn constituents when taken orally. Pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the extent of absorption of hawthorn from the small intestine in healthy adults in order to verify its safety.     

Pregnancy in women with physical disabilities

Women with disabilities are growing in number and increasingly interested in becoming mothers and raising children. However, health care providers are often unfamiliar with the health care needs of this group of women and overlook the important issues that make the difference between positive and negative experiences of these women. This article describes the preconception, antenatal, pregnancy, and postpartum issues of women with disabilities and suggests approaches to ensuring that women with disabilities have successful reproductive experiences.     

氯化甲基汞染毒对大鼠后代发育的影响

目的探讨甲基汞对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响和通过父系传播对后代的影响。方法将20只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别给予0、0．058、0．580、1．170mg／kg体重的氯化甲基汞,以隔日经口灌胃的方式染毒,持续染毒2个月后,将其与健康雌性大鼠交配,观察仔鼠的生长发育与神经行为发育情况。结果1．170、0．580mg／kg组仔鼠体重低于对照组,其早期生长发育指标落后于对照组仔鼠;染毒组仔鼠转体时间延长、前肢悬挂时间缩短,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组仔鼠平面翻正、断崖回避、空中翻正的正确率与对照组相比,也明显降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论雄鼠甲基汞染毒后,可以影响仔鼠的生长发育和神经行为发育。     

Visual impairment in children with multiple disabilities in schools for children with special needs in South India

Purpose:To understand/assess ocular and functional vision impairment in children with multiple disabilities with a functional vision assessment battery in addition to standard ophthalmic examinations in an outreach setting.Methods:Seven schools for children with special needs, 243 children in total, were screened for ocular disorders and functional vision impairment through school camps.Results:Among them, 37% had refractive errors needing spectacle correction. With standard ocular testing methods, the visual impairment was around 32%, but when functional vision was assessed, the functional vision impairment amounted to 70% in these children. The presence of functional vision impairment was found to be independent of the associated disability. Assessment of visual capacities such as visual closure, saccade pursuits, optic ataxia, and developmental milestones early on can help in suspecting the presence of CVIConclusion:Children with multiple disabilities are more at risk of functional vision impairment, which significantly impairs their ability to function in daily life. A complete functional vision assessment becomes essential to plan early intervention for these children. The significant proportion of vision impairment and functional vision loss in our study indicates the need for coordinated structured programs to address vision-related problems in children with multiple disabilities.     

卵丘细胞凋亡对体外培养卵母细胞发育潜能的影响

目的 研究体外培养中卵丘细胞凋亡对卵母细胞结构的影响,探讨体外受精中可用卵丘细胞凋亡率预测卵母细胞发育潜能的原因.方法 对GV期人卵丘-卵母细胞复合体进行体外成熟培养,用HE染色、DAPI染色和原位末端标记(TUNEL)法标记3种方法对单卵卵丘细胞凋亡率进行检测.分为凋亡率高和低的2组,用光镜和透射电镜观察卵母细胞的结构.对MⅡ期卵母细胞进行体外受精,培养2d后在光镜下评价胚胎质量.结果 卵丘细胞凋亡率低的卵母细胞结构和发育潜能良好;卵丘细胞凋亡率高的卵母细胞发育潜能差,存在各种结构异常,包括围卵周隙不均,对应不同部位的细胞质发育不同步;细胞质中出现堆积不均的细胞器团、次级溶酶体、及可能由溶酶体降解造成的大量空隙;线粒体外膜和嵴模糊、膨大,呈现凋亡迹象;第一极体碎裂;透明带异常增厚或变薄.相应的卵丘细胞微绒毛和细胞连接减少.结论 揭示了卵丘细胞凋亡对卵母细胞结构的影响,揭示了卵丘细胞凋亡率影响卵母细胞发育潜能的原因.     

五氧化二钒对NIH小鼠发育毒性的研究

本文报道了受精后直至出生前不同时间经腹腔注射V_20_5后,对NIH小鼠胚胎一胎儿发育的影响。结果表明,V_2O_5对小鼠胚泡着床前和着床过程无明显影响,也无致畸性和致早产作用,但对胚胎—胎儿的存活和胎儿的骨骼发育有一定影响。可认为,V_2O_5对NIH小鼠是一较弱的发育毒物。另外,报道了敌枯双(阳性对照物)对NIH小鼠的发育毒性。     

康复科护理人员对残疾人态度、工作成就感与人性化护理能力的关系

目的 了解康复科护理人员人性化护理能力的现状,并探讨其与对残疾人的态度和工作成就感间的关系。方法 2020年12月至2021年3月,便利抽取锦州市、盘锦市、营口市和抚顺市8所综合性三甲医院的196例康复科护理人员,采用医护人员对残疾人态度量表、工作成就感量表、护士人性化护理能力量表进行调查。结果 康复科护理人员人性化护理能力总分为(73.39±10.75),总条目均分(3.86±0.57);康复科护理人员人性化护理能力与对残疾人态度和工作成就感均呈正相关(r=0.208～0.774, P <0.01);工作成就感在康复科护理人员对残疾人态度和人性化护理能力间起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.420,占总效应的52.83%。结论 康复科护理人员人性化护理能力较差。对残疾人态度越好,工作成就感越高,人性化护理能力会越强。康复科护理人员对残疾人态度不仅可以直接作用于人性化护理能力,也可以通过工作成就感间接影响人性化护理能力。