X连锁遗传性脑积水的L1CAM基因突变检测及产前诊断

目的探讨X连锁遗传性脑积水的L1CAM基因突变检测和产前诊断的可行性。方法应用PCR-直接序列测定法对一个X连锁遗传性脑积水家系进行L1CAM基因突变分析,并对孕妇进行了产前诊断。结果该家系先证者在L1CAM基因外显子28存在c.3581CT(p.S1194L)致病突变,患者的姐姐和母亲均为携带者,姨和表妹均未检测到该致病突变。对携带有该基因突变的姐姐先后进行了3次产前基因诊断(包括1例羊水检测,1例双胎羊水检测,1例绒毛检测),均证实为获得致病突变的男性胎儿。结论对于B超发现的男性脑积水胎儿,可以对其进行L1CAM基因突变筛查,有助于对下次妊娠的复发风险或携带者的妊娠风险进行评估;对携带突变基因的孕妇进行产前诊断,避免患儿的出生。     

Computer-aided analysis of the influence of digitizing and surfacing on the accuracy in dental CAD/CAM technology

In dentistry, ceramic materials with high fracture resistance are needed for all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs). The sophisticated processing of advanced ceramics that can be used for such dental restorations demands the application of CAD/CAM technologies. These techniques necessitate digitizing of the prepared teeth or the planned restoration itself and surfacing of the acquired digital data before milling paths can be generated. As precision in fit is crucial for dental restorations, a computer-aided method for the quantitative and qualitative 3D analysis has been developed and applied. Factors influencing the obtainable precision in the application of CAD/CAM techniques were taken into consideration.     

Stabilization Mechanism of Roxithromycin Tablets Under Gastric pH Conditions

Macrolide antibiotics are widely used at clinical sites. Clarithromycin (CAM), a 14-membered macrolide antibiotic, was reported to gelate under acidic conditions. Gelation allows oral administration of acid-sensitive CAM without enteric coating by hindering the penetration of gastric fluid into CAM tablets. However, it is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs in other macrolide antibiotics. In this study, we examined the gelation ability of 3 widely used macrolide antibiotics, roxithromycin (RXM), erythromycin A, and azithromycin. The results indicated that not only CAM but also RXM gelated under acidic conditions. Erythromycin A and azithromycin did not gelate under the same conditions. Gelation of RXM delayed the disintegration of the tablet and release of RXM from the tablet. Disintegration and release were also delayed in commercial RXM tablets containing disintegrants. This study showed that 2 of the 4 macrolides gelated, which affects tablet disintegration and dissolution and suggests that this phenomenon might also occur in other macrolides.     

Indocyanine green loaded hyaluronan-derived nanoparticles for fluorescence-enhanced surgical imaging of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is highly lethal and surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment for the disease. In this study, hyaluronic acid derived nanoparticles with physico-chemically entrapped indocyanine green, termed NanoICG, were utilized for intraoperative near infrared fluorescence detection of pancreatic cancer. NanoICG was not cytotoxic to healthy pancreatic epithelial cells and did not induce chemotaxis or phagocytosis, it accumulated significantly within the pancreas in an orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model, and demonstrated contrast-enhancement for pancreatic lesions relative to non-diseased portions of the pancreas. Fluorescence microscopy showed higher fluorescence intensity in pancreatic lesions and splenic metastases due to NanoICG compared to ICG alone. The in vivo safety profile of NanoICG, including, biochemical, hematological, and pathological analysis of NanoICG-treated healthy mice, indicates negligible toxicity. These results suggest that NanoICG is a promising contrast agent for intraoperative detection of pancreatic tumors.     

Developing meaningful systematic review of CAD/CAM reconstructions and fiber-reinforced composites

Objective: Clinical literature was examined for evidence supporting use of CAD/CAM reconstructions and fiber‐reinforced materials. Materials and methods: Potential evidence was identified via databases [PubMed; EMBASE (R) Drugs & Pharmacology; Center for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York; Cochrane Library], hand search of non‐indexed literature, secondary reference searches, and personal contacts with clinical trial PI's. Search terms included: dental restorations; CAD/CAM; CEREC; LAVA; CERCON; Procera; inlay/onlay; dental prosthesis; fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC). Results: Two randomized‐controlled clinical trials were identified as examined in one Cochrane Collaboration review relevant to CAD/CAM inlays. One systematic review of 15 CAD/CAM inlay studies was examined. Six studies were identified of three commercial FRC endodontic posts and eight reported on FRC use for fixed denture prostheses. Fifteen ongoing prospective trials were identified studying CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia‐based prostheses. A total of 76 papers were referenced including those related to use of in vitro measures as evidence. Conclusions: Review of the Cochrane analysis raised concerns that typical RCT protocols may prove insufficient for stratification of confounding variables (patient, practitioner, material) when treatment outcomes are primarily prosthesis‐ or material‐based (not patient‐based, e.g., as in fracture). RCT designs are most straightforward when treatment outcomes are patient‐based (e.g., soft tissue changes). When treatment responses are material‐based, controls also become difficult to define and studies become tests of equivalency/superiority; where well‐stratified cohort designs are likely preferred. Large numbers of independent cohort studies support the use of CAD/CAM ceramic inlay/onlay restorations and crowns but many complications inhibit the application of high‐level systematic review. Except perhaps for fiber‐based endodontic posts, the clinical FRC literature appears insufficient for expert review. Single in vitro measures cannot currently serve as evidence for clinical practice, except in limited cases of simple function (e.g., impression material accuracy). Batteries of in vitro measures are often applied during materials development but cannot substitute for clinical study.     

The in vivo evaluation of anti-angiogenic effects of Hypericum essential oils using the chorioallantoic membrane assay

Context. Hypericum species including Hypericum confertum Choisy, H. hircinum L., H. hyssopifolium Chaix. subsp. elongatum (Ledeb.) Woron var. microcalycinum (Boiss. &; Heldr.) Boiss. and H. perforatum L. (Clusiaceae) are used as medicinal plants in Turkey.

Objective: The anti-angiogenic evaluation of Hypericum essential oils using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay are performed with this study for the first time.

Materials and methods: The anti-angiogenic activity of Hypericum essential oils (0.5–5.0?mg/ml) was evaluated in vivo using the CAM assay, compared to standard anti-angiogenic substances at the same concentrations, in trice replicated independent assays. GC and GC-MS analyses were carried out simultaneously to identify the chemical compositions of the Hypericum essential oils.

Results: The CAM treated with H. perforatum essential oil showed anti-angiogenic effect (score 0.6?±?0.3) at 50?µg/pellet concentration, whereas other tested Hypericum essential oils showed no effect compared to the standards (e.g. suramin score 0.5?±?0.2). Furthermore, the tested oils showed neither membrane toxicity nor irritation at the tested concentrations. The major compound of the essential oil of H. confertum was identified as germacrene D (30.2%). The major compound of the essential oils of the H. hircinum. H. hyssopifolium subsp. elongatum var. microcalycinum and H. perforatum was identified as α-pinene (88.3, 57.8, 33.3%), respectively.

Discussion and conclusion. Hypericum species and in particular H. perforatum essential oil may have important effect toward wound healing and various inflammations. The data obtained in this experiment suggest further investigations on various cancers due to its anti-angiogenic effects observed.     

Customized Root-Analogue Implants: A Review on Outcomes from Clinical Trials and Case Reports

(1) It is estimated that 10% of the world’s population will need a dental implant in their lifetime. Despite all the advances in the comprehension of dental implant designs, materials and techniques, traditional implants still have many limitations. Customized root-analogue implants are, therefore, gaining increased interest in dental rehabilitation and are expected to not only preserve more hard and soft tissues but also avoid a second surgery and improve patient overall satisfaction. In this sense, the aim of this review was to collect and analyse the clinical trials and case reports on customized root-analogue implants available in the literature; (2) This review was carried out according to the PRISMA Statement. An electronic database search was performed using five databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, and Scopus. The following keywords were used for gathering data: custom-made, dental implants, root-analogue, anatomical, customized and tooth-like; (3) 15 articles meeting the inclusion criteria—articles reporting clinical trials, case reports or animal studies and articles with root-analogue implants and articles with totally customized implant geometries—were selected for the qualitative synthesis. The design and manufacturing techniques, implant material and surface treatments were assessed and discussed; (4) The performance of some root-analogue implants with specific features (i.e., macro-retentions) was successful, with no signs of infection, periodontitis nor bleeding during the follow-up periods.     

Clinical characteristics and early outcomes of patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease

Background

The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease appears to be increasing. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and examine early outcomes of patients newly diagnosed with MAC disease.

Marginal Adaptation of CAD/CAM All‐Ceramic Crowns Made by Different Impression Methods: A Literature Review

All‐ceramic crowns for teeth are widely used for restoring teeth. Stone casts have been made from conventional impression methods; however, newer techniques have made this process easier and faster for both the patient and the practitioner. Laboratory CAD/CAM technology mainly involves scanning the die stone, while other systems permit impression or intraoral scanning; however, one major concern remaining is the marginal fit of the restorations made using different methods for recording the prepared teeth. This study aims to review studies evaluating the marginal fit of all‐ceramic crowns manufactured by CAD/CAM systems using different extra‐ and intra‐oral scanners compared to conventional impressions.     

A Digital Approach to Retrofitting a Post and Core Restoration to an Existing Crown

One problem that may arise in full‐coverage restorations is clinical crown fracture. Fracture of an endodontically treated and crowned tooth in the esthetic zone may be embarrassing to both the patient and clinician. If a completely sound margin and at least 2 mm of coronal structure remain, a fractured tooth may possibly be retreated by a repair. Several methods have been introduced to reproduce the original contour of the tooth for retrofitting an existing crown. If an existing crown is used as a template, excessive core material may remain over the margin, as loading the proper amount of core material is difficult, and making vent holes on the existing crown is not feasible. This article presents a repair technique to reuse an existing crown with computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. By using a milled poly(methylmethacrylate) matrix, the mentioned limitations are eliminated, and the original contour of the tooth can be effectively restored with minimal intervention. As an existing crown is reused, the issues of additional time and cost for repreparation, reimpression, and new crown are eliminated.