Effects of Hostility on Alcohol Stress-Response-Dampening

The purpose of this study was to compare the stress-response-dampening (SRD) effect of alcohol in hostile and nonhostile men based on a combined score of four subscales of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale . Subjects were 72 male social drinkers. Subjects' cardiac interbeat-interval, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure reactivity to a situational stressor were measured following the consumption of either alcohol, no alcohol, or an active placebo beverage. Results demonstrated that hostile men evinced lower heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity to the stressor when given alcohol, compared with intoxicated nonhostile subjects, and lower reactivity relative to all other groups, with the exception of SBP in the nonhostile controls. These results allow for speculation that hostile men may be more likely than controls to experience possible SRD effects of alcohol and thus, perhaps, be predisposed to increased alcohol consumption when under stress.     

MR imaging of viscoelastic properties

Mechanical waves in magnetic resonance imaging, which have been suggested for possible clinical applications, were analyzed with regard to imaging of the viscoelastic properties of large objects. The method is based on the Larmor frequency modulation caused by the application of mechanical waves. Possible clinical applications include all diseases that result in a change in the mechanical properties of biologic tissues (eg, atherosclerosis).     

医院用血液制品HCV污染情况的调查

目的调查医院治疗用血液制品ＨＣＶ污染情况．方法临床治疗所用的血液制品，在输完后留容器之残液备检．采用酶标免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测．对ＥＬＩＳＡ检测之阳性标本及在阴性标本中随机抽取９份，采用逆转录双ＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＣＶ＿ＲＮＡ．结果血浆白蛋白抗＿ＨＣＶ阳性率４５８％，新鲜血浆阳性率２６％．两种方法检测同一标本，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测阳性的血液制品中，用ＰＣＲ证实，并非都有病毒复制；而在ＥＬＩＳＡ检测的阴性标本中，仍旧有较高的ＰＣＲ阳性检出．结论血液制品存在着ＨＣＶ污染，抗＿ＨＣＶ对于ＨＣＶ感染的诊断价值很高．检测血液制品中的抗＿ＨＣＶ，合理使用血液成份，可防止ＨＣＶ在医院内传播．     

Effects of chronic treatment with a nitric oxide donor on nerve conduction abnormalities and endoneurial blood flow in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Abstract. This study examined the ability of nitrova-sodilator treatment with isosorbide dinitrate to prevent the development of reduced nerve conduction velocity and nutritive blood flow in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Two month untreated diabetes caused approximately 23% and 13% reductions in sciatic motor and saphenous nerve sensory conduction velocity ( P < 0.001). Isosorbide dinitrate treatment provided 64.6 and 67.6% protection for motor and sensory nerves, respectively ( P < 0.01). Sciatic endoneurial nutritive blood flow was measured by microelectrode polarography and a hydrogen clearance technique. After 1 month untreated diabetes, flow was reduced by 41.9% ( P < 0.001). Isosorbide dinitrate treatment for 1 month in non-diabetic and diabetic rats significantly increased blood flow ( P < 0.01). When between-group variations in blood pressure were taken into account, vascular conductance increased by 29% and 31% in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, respectively ( P < 0.01). Thus, nitrovasodilator treatment improves nerve perfusion and function in experimental diabetes, probably by compensating for reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide release or action.     

Effects of iomeprol,a new nonionic contrast medium,vis a vis iopamidol and nitroglycerin,on coronary diameter and blood flow in chronically instrumented dogs

The effects of an intracoronary administration of iomeprol, a new nonionic tri-iodinated water-soluble contrast medium, on coronary circulation were compared to those of iopamidol and those of nitroglycerin in 6 chronically instrumented conscious dogs. A pair of 10 MHz piezoelectric crystals and an electromagnetic flow probe were placed on the left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) to measure the epicardial coronary diameter (CD) and coronary blood flow (CBF). Polyethylene tubing for drug administration was inserted into the LCCA proximal to the sonomicrometers. Iomeprol at the dose of 1 ml and 3 ml/min for 1 min significantly increased CD by 0.6±0.1% and 1.4±0.3%, respectively and CBF by 44.5±9% and 70±10%, respectively. Iopamidol at the same rates also significantly increased CD by 0.8±0.1% and 1.5±0.3% and CBF by 50±11% and 82±14%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between iomeprol-and iopamidol-induced increases in CD and CBF. However, the duration of the increase in CD was significantly shorter (p<0.05) after iomeprol than after iopamidol. Nitroglycerin (10 μg/kg) significantly increased CD by 4.5±1% and CBF by 105±10%. The increases in CD and CBF in response to iopamidol and iomeprol were significantly smaller (p<0.01) than to nitroglycerin. We conclude that vasodilating effects of iomeprol and iopamidol on the large epicardial coronary artery and coronary blood flow are comparable in conscious dogs and significantly lower than after nitroglycerin in the doses used by us. This study was supported by a grant from the EI-ZA1 Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan.     

Continuous In-Line Monitoring of Oxygen Delivery to Control Artificial Heart Output

In order to evaluate the pump output control based on the oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues, arterial and mixed venous hemoglobin content ([Hb]) and oxygen saturation (SO2) were continuously monitored in three biventricular bypass animals (3-, 6-, and 40-day experiments) with fibrillating ventricles. The specially developed oxygen sensors were mounted in the outflow ports of the artificial hearts to measure [Hb] and SO2. One animal was exercised on the treadmill at 2.0 mile/h for 15 min with pump flows fixed to deliver oxygen of (a) above 13 cc/min/kg, (b) 10, and (c) 9. In (a), the mixed venous saturation (SvO2) dropped to approximately 25% with no increase in the blood lactate level. In (b) and (c), the SvO2 decreased to approximately 10-15% with increase in blood lactate levels from 4 to 10-30 mg/dl. Also, the recovery of the SvO2 in these groups following the termination of the exercise was slower in comparison to (a). The lower limit of the SvO2 level that would create oxygen debt situation in the peripheral tissues was approximately 25-30% for the exercise of 2.0 mile/h. The SvO2 reflects changes in respiratory status, pump output, hemoglobin level, and metabolism, and is thus a useful indicator to diagnose quickly the circulatory status as well as possibly to control the artificial heart output.     

脑水肿对大鼠血脑屏障内皮细胞膜表面ICAM—1表达量的影响

采用液氮冷冻Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠－侧大脑制成血管源性脑水肿模型，将大怀脑冷冻中心制成冠状面冰冻切片，运用免疫组化染色观察脑水肿组及对照组白质脑屏障内皮细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ－１蛋白表达量的变化 。     

人HLA半相合混合脐血在SCID小鼠移植的实验研究

目的：探讨不同供者来源脐血混合移植的可行性和植入特性。方法：分别将两份人HLA半相合混合脐血或单份脐血输入经亚致量照射后的严重联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠，观察两组脐血在SCID小鼠体内的植入状况及多系造血重建特性。结果：混合脐血和单份脐血移植均可在受鼠体内植入，形成供－受混合嵌合体，并能重建多系造血，存活率和植入率无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。用多聚酶链反应－序列特异性寡核苷酸（PCR－SSO）探针检测人HLA－DQB1基因发现，HLA半相合混合脐血移植可有1份或2份脐血植入，其中造血祖细胞含量和体外克隆形成能力高者，更易于植入，造血重建特性与单一脐血移植比较无统计学意义。结论：HLA半相合人混合脐血可同时在SCID小鼠体内植入，形成来自供－受三者的多嵌合状态，并能重建造血及免疫功能。     

AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.     

医疗器械产品召回制度探讨与典型案例分析

着重介绍了国内外医疗器械产品召回制度现状,并以强生血糖仪、佳腾除颤器两起召回事件为案例,阐明整个召回事件处理的过程,旨在为我国建立和完善医疗器械产品召回制度提供借鉴。