妇科术后硬膜外腔注射吗啡镇痛效果观察

对妇科术后硬膜外腔注射吗啡镇痛效果进行观察分析探讨。对３ａ来我院使用术后硬膜外腔注射吗啡镇痛效果进行评定,对血压、脉博等情况观察进行总结分析。结果：硬膜外腔注射吗啡术后镇痛效果优８５．６％,良６．８％。副作用有血压下降达２７．８％、恶心呕吐１５．５％,头晕２３．０％。     

异氟醚分娩镇痛对母体血液动力学的影响

目的：前瞻性研究异氰醚分娩镇痛对母体血液动力学的影响。方法：应用国产无创性血液动力学测试仪,对分娩活跃期异氟醚分娩镇痛和对照组产妇共３０例的血液动力学状况进行检测。结果：;实验前后,各组母体血液动力学参数;心率（ＨＲ）,每搏量（ＳＶ）,每搏指数（ＳＩ）,心输出量（ＣＯ）,心脏指数（ＣＩ）,左室有效泵力（ＶＰＥ）,平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）和总外周阻力（ＴＰＲ）均无显著差异;两组间无显著差异。     

硬膜外丁哌卡因复合不同剂量芬太尼术后镇痛效果的比较

目的 观察比较硬膜外丁哌卡因复合不同剂量芬太尼术后镇痛效果。方法 １５０例（ＡＳＡＩ－Ⅱ）随机分成五组,每组３０例,各组丁哌卡因浓度均为０．１５％,芬太尼浓度则分别为２μｇ／ｍｌ、３μｇ／ｍｌ、４μｇ／ｍｌ、５μｇ／ｍｌ、６μｇ／ｍｌ,连续输液速度为２ｍｌ／ｈ。采用双盲法对比观察镇痛效果和有关并发症。结果 含芬太尼４μμｇ／ｍｌ、５μｇ／ｍｌ、６μｇ／ｍｌ三组镇痛效果较２μｇ／ｍｌ、３μｇ／ｍｌ组     

Antisense mapping KOR-1: evidence for multiple kappa analgesic mechanisms

In binding assays, both dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin are relatively selective for the kappa1b site, unlike U50,488H which has high affinity for both kappa1a and kappa1b sites. In vivo, U50,488H, dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin analgesia are reversed by the kappa1-selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI). Antisense mapping the three exons of KOR-1 revealed that probes targeting all three exons blocked U50,488H analgesia, as expected. However, the selectivity profile of dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin analgesia towards the various antisense oligodeoxynucleotides differed markedly from U50,488H, implying a different receptor mechanism of action.     

Evidence for opiate-activated NMDA processes masking opiate analgesia in rats

The acute interaction between opioid receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on nociception was examined in rats using tail-flick and paw-pressure vocalisation tests. When injected at various times (1 to 6 h) after morphine (5 to 20 mg/kg, i.v.) or fentanyl (4x40 microgram/kg, i.v.), the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) not only abolished the opiate-induced increase in nociceptive threshold, but also reduced it below the basal value (hyperalgesia). The noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg, s.c.) prevented the naloxone-precipitated hyperalgesia and enhanced the antinociceptive effects of morphine (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and fentanyl (4x40 microgram/kg, i.v.). These results indicate that the antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl, two opiate analgesics widely used in humans in the management of pain, are blunted by concomitant NMDA-dependent opposing effects which are only revealed when the predominant antinociceptive effect is sharply blocked by naloxone. This study provides new rationale for beneficial adjunction of NMDA receptor antagonists with opiates for relieving pain by preventing pain facilitatory processes triggered by opiate treatment per se.     

TRH对吗啡镇痛作用的影响及其对呼吸、循环和中枢神经系统的作用

本文就TRH与NAL拮抗吗啡类药物的镇痛、成瘾及制动作用作了比较研究,并观察了TRH对呼吸、循环及中枢神经系统的作用。结果发现TRH不能拮抗吗啡类的镇痛、成瘾及制动作用。TRH(10μg icv或5mg/kg iv)可显著升高正常动物平均动脉压,加快心率及呼吸。TRH腹腔注射可缩短戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间,并呈一定剂量依赖关系。     

针刺不同穴组对胫后神经SEPs痛成分的影响

目的 :比较不同穴组的镇痛作用。方法 :采用电刺激正常人下肢胫后神经获得痛相关成分P2 50 -N350 复合波作为反映疼痛的客观指标 ,观察针刺秩边、次穴与合谷、三阴交穴对痛相关成分P2 50 -N350 波幅、潜伏时的变化影响。结果 :两组配穴都具有镇痛作用 ,但镇痛程度差异明显 ,分别为P <0 0 0 1,P <0 0 5。结论 :对于产妇产程缓慢、子宫收缩无力者 ,应优先选择合谷、三阴交配穴 ;对于产程中以疼痛为主的产妇 ,应优先选择秩边、次配穴以有效地抑制疼痛 ,减轻产妇痛苦 ,保证产妇的顺利分娩。     

硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛对妊娠高血压综合征患者血浆一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛对妊高征患者的血压及其血浆NO含量的影响。方法选择中、重度妊高征29例随机分为硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛组14例和对照组15例,镇痛组宫颈扩展到3～4cm时开始实施镇痛。采用硝酸还原酶法测定无宫缩、宫口3～4cm(阻滞前)、宫口开全、产后2h血浆NO含量。结果宫口3～4cm(镇痛前)平均动脉压较无宫缩时明显增高(P<0.01),对照组宫口开全时和产后2h平均动脉压较无宫缩时明显升高(P<0.05),而镇痛组宫口开全时和产后2h平均动脉压较无宫缩时明显降低(P<0.01),也显著低于对照组(P<0.01);宫口3～4cm(镇痛前)血浆NO含量显著低于无宫缩时(P<0.01),对照组宫口开全时和产后2h血浆NO含量较无宫缩时明显低(P<0.01);镇痛组宫口开全时血浆NO含量较无宫缩和镇痛前明显升高(P<0.01),也显著高于对照组(P<0.01),产后2h血浆NO显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但与无宫缩时比较差异无显著性。结论硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛可降低妊高征患者的血压,其机制可能与血浆中NO含量升高有关。     

结肠癌术后吗啡罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛效果的观察

目的:观察吗啡与罗哌卡因配伍用于结肠癌术后硬膜外镇痛的有效性和安全性。方法:选择结肠癌手术患者75例,随机分为三组(n=25):0.1%吗啡组(Ⅰ组)、0.15%吗啡组(Ⅱ组)和0.1%吗啡加0.2%罗哌卡因组(Ⅲ组),持续注入4ml/h,术后镇痛48h。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS法)估计镇痛效果。结果:Ⅲ组镇痛效果明显好于其它两组(P<0.05),对下肢肌力无影响,排气时间明显提前。结论:0.2%罗哌卡因与0.1%吗啡配伍用于结肠癌术后镇痛效果确切、安全。     

硬膜外自控镇痛对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响

目的　观察上腹部手术患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛 (PCEA)对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期胆囊切除手术患者 38例 ,随机分为PCEA组和对照组 ,每组各 19例。以原子吸收分光光度法检测患者术前、术后 1d、2d、3d、5d血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量。结果　PCEA组术后各时点血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量与术前相比变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而对照组术后 1、2、3d锌水平较手术前明显下降(P <0 0 1) ,术后 1、2d铁、镁水平明显下降 ,两组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。两组血清铜水平在各时点及组间均未见有统计学意义的变化。结论　术后PCEA可减轻应激反应 ,稳定微量元素水平 ,有利于患者的康复。