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91.
There is widespread application of indicators to the assessment of environmental condition of streams. These indicators are intended for use by managers in making various comparative and absolute assessments and often have a role in resource allocation and performance assessment. Therefore, the problem of formally defining confidence in the results is important but difficult because the sampling strategies used are commonly based on a compromise between the requirements of statistical rigour and the pragmatic issues of access and resources. It is rare to see this compromise explicitly considered and consequently there is seldom quantification of the uncertainty that could affect the confidence a manager has in an indicator. In this paper, we present a method for quantitatively assessing the tradeoffs between sampling density and uncertainty in meeting various monitoring objectives. Assessments using judgement‐based representative reaches are shown to be unreliable; instead a sampling approach is recommended based on the random selection of measuring sites. A detailed dataset was collected along two streams in Victoria, Australia, and the effect of sampling density was assessed by subsampling from this dataset with precision related to the number of sites assessed per reach length and the intensity of the sampling at each site. The sampling scheme to achieve a given precision is shown to depend on the monitoring objective. In particular, three objectives were considered: (1) making a baseline assessment of current condition; (2) change detection; and (3) detection of a critical threshold in condition. Change detection is shown to be more demanding than assessing baseline condition with additional sampling effort required to achieve the same precision. Sampling to detect a critical threshold depends on nominating acceptable values of Type I and II error and the size of the effect to be detected. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像舰船检测方法 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
寻找针对高分辨率SAR图像的舰船目标检测算法。利用KSW双阈值分割技术,其效果比传统检测方法好,有利于进一步的目标分类和识别。且必须根据SAR图像分辨率来选择舰船检测算法。 相似文献
93.
Dealing with discrepancies in data is still a big challenge in data integration systems. The problem occurs both during eliminating duplicates from semantic overlapping sources as well as during combining complementary data from different sources. Though using SQL operations like grouping and join seems to be a viable way, they fail if the attribute values of the potential duplicates or related tuples are not equal but only similar by certain criteria. As a solution to this problem, we present in this paper similarity-based variants of grouping and join operators. The extended grouping operator produces groups of similar tuples, the extended join combines tuples satisfying a given similarity condition. We describe the semantics of this operator, discuss efficient implementations for the edit distance similarity and present evaluation results. Finally, we give examples of application from the context of a data reconciliation project for looted art. 相似文献
94.
Gabriel Nivasch 《Information Processing Letters》2004,90(3):135-140
We present an algorithm for detecting periodicity in sequences produced by repeated application of a given function. Our algorithm uses logarithmic memory with high probability, runs in linear time, and is guaranteed to stop within the second loop through the cycle. We also present a partitioning technique that offers a time/memory tradeoff. Our algorithm is especially well suited for sequences where the cycle length is typically small compared to the length of the acyclic prefix. 相似文献
95.
Chia-Jung Pai Author Vitae Author Vitae Yu-Ming Liang Author Vitae Author Vitae Sei-Wang Chen Author Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2004,37(5):1025-1034
This paper presents a system that can perform pedestrian detection and tracking using vision-based techniques. A very important issue in the field of intelligent transportation system is to prevent pedestrians from being hit by vehicles. Recently, a great number of vision-based techniques have been proposed for this purpose. In this paper, we propose a vision-based method, which combines the use of a pedestrian model as well as the walking rhythm of pedestrians to detect and track walking pedestrians. Through integrating some spatial and temporal information grabbed by a vision system, we are able to develop a reliable system that can be used to prevent traffic accidents happened at crossroads. In addition, the proposed system can deal with the occlusion problem. Experimental results obtained by executing some real world cases have demonstrated that the proposed system is indeed superb. 相似文献
96.
V. Rodin Author Vitae A. Benzinou Author VitaeAuthor Vitae P. Ballet Author VitaeAuthor Vitae J. Tisseau Author VitaeAuthor Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2004,37(4):631-645
In this article, we present a parallel image processing system based on the concept of reactive agents. Our system lies in the oRis language, which allows to describe finely and simply the agents’ behaviors to detect image features. We also present a method of segmentation using a multi-agent system, and two biological applications made with oRis. The stopping of this multi-agent system is implemented through a technique issued from immunology: the apoptosis. 相似文献
97.
Automated currency validation requires a decision to be made regarding the authenticity of a banknote presented to the validation system. This decision often has to be made with little or no information regarding the characteristics of possible counterfeits as is the case for issues of new currency. A method for automated currency validation is presented which segments the whole banknote into different regions, builds individual classifiers on each region and then combines a small subset of the region specific classifiers to provide an overall decision. The segmentation and combination of region specific classifiers to provide optimized false positive and false negative rates is achieved by employing a genetic algorithm. Experiments based on high value notes of Sterling currency were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed solution. 相似文献
98.
Kernel Spectral Matched Filter for Hyperspectral Imagery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper a kernel-based nonlinear spectral matched filter is introduced for target detection in hyperspectral imagery,
which is implemented by using the ideas in kernel-based learning theory. A spectral matched filter is defined in a feature
space of high dimensionality, which is implicitly generated by a nonlinear mapping associated with a kernel function. A kernel
version of the matched filter is derived by expressing the spectral matched filter in terms of the vector dot products form
and replacing each dot product with a kernel function using the so called kernel trick property of the Mercer kernels. The proposed kernel spectral matched filter is equivalent to a nonlinear matched filter in the original input space,
which is capable of generating nonlinear decision boundaries. The kernel version of the linear spectral matched filter is
implemented and simulation results on hyperspectral imagery show that the kernel spectral matched filter outperforms the conventional
linear matched filter. 相似文献
99.
100.
应用功率控制、波束赋形和多用户检测可以有效地消除和减少CDMA系统中的干扰。本文结合波束赋形和多用户检测的特性,提出一种应用波束赋形增益和多用户相关矩阵的解相关算法。基于算法的复杂性,提出一种区分聚集用户进行多用户检测的的算法。由于波束赋形能够消减主瓣波束之外的多用户干扰,对聚集移动台采用解相关检测达到减少运算量和消除多用户干扰的目的。对算法进行了仿真分析,证明了本算法的优越性。 相似文献