Association Rule Mining Frequent-Pattern-Based Intrusion Detection in Network

In the network security system, intrusion detection plays a significant role. The network security system detects the malicious actions in the network and also conforms the availability, integrity and confidentiality of data information resources. Intrusion identification system can easily detect the false positive alerts. If large number of false positive alerts are created then it makes intrusion detection system as difficult to differentiate the false positive alerts from genuine attacks. Many research works have been done. The issues in the existing algorithms are more memory space and need more time to execute the transactions of records. This paper proposes a novel framework of network security Intrusion Detection System (IDS) using Modified Frequent Pattern (MFP-Tree) via K-means algorithm. The accuracy rate of Modified Frequent Pattern Tree (MFPT)-K means method in finding the various attacks are Normal 94.89%, for DoS based attack 98.34%, for User to Root (U2R) attacks got 96.73%, Remote to Local (R2L) got 95.89% and Probe attack got 92.67% and is optimal when it is compared with other existing algorithms of K-Means and APRIORI.     

多层自适应聚合的自监督小样本图像分类

目的 在图像分类领域,小样本学习旨在利用从大规模数据集中训练到的知识来处理仅包含少量有标记训练样本的下游分类任务。通常情况下,下游任务只涉及新类样本,由于元训练阶段会构造大量任务随机抽取训练集中不同类别的样本且训练集与测试集类别间存在领域间隙,因此模型训练周期长且可能对训练集过拟合,以致元知识无法迁移到测试集,进而导致模型泛化性差。针对以上问题,提出一种多层自适应聚合的自监督小样本图像分类模型。方法 首先使用分组卷积对残差块进行改进,减少神经网络参数量,降低训练难度,缩短训练时间;然后采用多层自适应聚合的方法改进骨干网络,对网络各层语义信息加以提炼聚合,自适应分配各层权重,将聚合后的特征图作为后续分类的依据;最后加入自监督对比学习结合有监督学习挖掘样本自身潜在的信息,从而提升样本特征表达能力。结果 在mini-ImageNet数据集和CUB(Caltech-UCSD birds-200-2011)数据集上与当前主流模型进行分类效果对比实验,与baseline相比,所提模型的准确率在mini-ImageNet数据集的5-way 1-shot与5-way 5-shot实验上分别提升了6.3...     

基于3D路径聚合高分辨率网络的胰腺分割

目的 胰腺的准确分割是胰腺癌识别和分析的重要前提。现有基于深度学习的主流胰腺分割网络大多是编码—解码结构,对特征图采用先降低再增加分辨率的方式,严重丢失了胰腺位置和细节信息,导致分割效果不佳。针对上述问题,提出了基于3D路径聚合高分辨率网络的胰腺分割方法。方法 首先,为了捕获更多3D特征上下文信息,将高分辨率网络中的2D运算拓展为3D运算;其次,提出全分辨特征路径聚合模块,利用连续非线性变换缩小全分辨率输入图像与分割头网络输出特征语义差异的同时,减少茎网络下采样丢失的位置和细节信息对分割结果的影响;最后,提出多尺度特征路径聚合模块,利用渐进自适应特征压缩融合方式,避免低分辨率特征通道过度压缩导致的信息内容损失。结果 在公开胰腺数据集上,提出方法在Dice系数（Dice similarity coefficient,DSC）、Jaccard系数（Jaccard index,JI）、精确率（precision）和召回率（recall）上相比3D高分辨率网络（3D high-resolution net,3DHRNet）分别提升了1.41%、2.09%、2.35%和0.49%,相比具有代表性编码—解码结构的胰腺分割方法,取得了更高的分割精度。结论 本文提出的3D路径聚合高分辨率网络（3D pathaggregation high-resolution network,3DPAHRNet）具有更强的特征位置和细节信息的保留能力,能够显著改善在腹部CT（computed tomography）图像中所占比例较小的胰腺器官的分割结果。开源代码可在https：//github.com/qiuchengjian/PAHRNet3D获得。     

考虑多重因素的空调负荷聚合响应潜力评估及控制策略研究

空调负荷已成为电力系统重要的需求响应资源,但由于其类型差异性、接入分散性,造成调度中心难以直接获取其聚合功率并开展调度控制,限制了响应潜力发挥。对此,提出考虑空调负荷聚合响应潜力多类型资源协同调度与精准控制相结合的双层调控框架。在日前调度层,基于近似聚合模型获取空调负荷聚合功率,考虑用户热舒适度、意愿度及可控度等多重因素,建立空调负荷聚合响应潜力评估模型,获取其聚合响应潜力,并结合基础柔性负荷响应特性建立联合调度模型,充分挖掘负荷侧多类型资源参与系统调节的潜力;在日内控制层,针对执行降负荷调温控制策略中空调群组功率跌落现象,为引导其有序参与电网需求响应,建立变状态数的状态队列模型,并引入准备时间对参数异质空调集群进行分组控制,使空调负荷跟随调度计划,提升控制精度,缓解功率跌落对系统运行产生的影响。最后,通过某简化配网系统进行仿真分析,结果表明:所提双层调控框架在调度层可深度挖掘并引导利用空调负荷响应潜力,在控制层实现精准控制并削弱功率跌落负面影响,工程应用价值显著。     

考虑储能备用的电动汽车负荷连续追踪弃风曲线优化模型

在大力推动高比例可再生能源并网的背景下,风电的强随机波动特征导致的大量弃风问题给电力系统的经济可靠运行带来了挑战,而电动汽车、储能等作为需求侧的灵活性资源参与曲线追踪交易为弃风问题带来了解决方案。首先,分析了电动汽车消纳风电的可行性;然后,对电动汽车聚合负荷消纳风电的交易模式进行了梳理,聚焦连续曲线追踪交易,在充分考虑电动汽车聚合的物理经济约束下建立了混合整数线性规划模型以求解聚合调用方案。由于电动汽车的移动储能能力与追踪效果有限,引入储能系统进行联合优化,采用逐步搜索法在降低聚合成本的同时,得到储能的最优容量与功率配置以及同时优化物理弃风电量与经济成本的聚合方案。算例分析结果表明：考虑储能备用的聚合方法能够提高风电曲线的追踪精度,减小聚合成本,验证了所建模型在连续曲线追踪中的可行性与适用性,可为曲线追踪交易市场的完善与新型电力系统的建设提供借鉴。     

太赫兹网络中基于中继协作转发的高效双信道MAC协议

针对现有多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)太赫兹通信网络双信道MAC协议存在波束重叠干扰和冗余控制开销等问题,提出了一种太赫兹网络中基于中继协作转发的双信道MAC协议(High Efficiency Dual channel MAC Protocol Based on Relay Cooperative Forwarding in Terahertz Networks, HE-RCFMAC)。HE-RCFMAC协议包含动态帧聚合、基于位置信息自适应协作转发和精简RTS(Request To Send)/CTS(Clear To Send)帧三种机制。经三种机制处理后,可有效提升信道利用率,同时减小控制开销,提高数据传输成功率和整体网络吞吐量。仿真结果表明,所提协议与现有的MIMO太赫兹双信道MAC协议相比,MAC层吞吐量、数据传输成功率和信道利用率分别提升了12.82%、12.28%和8.73%,证明了所提协议的有效性。     

M2OVQA: Multi-space signal characterization and multi-channel information aggregation for quality assessment of compressed omnidirectional videos

Considering the high requirements for omnidirectional video compression, we propose an objective quality evaluation method to assess quality loss in encoding omnidirectional videos. According to characteristics of 360° videos, we consider multi-space signal characterization (MSSC) to fully characterize the distortions of video signals from spatial/image domains to frequency domains and from image content to motion information, and further consider multi-channel information aggregation (MCIA) to fuse scores from multiple projection planes and temporal divided groups. The main innovation of our method is to establish a universal framework in bridging the connection between typical quality assessment and 360° quality assessment to measure 360° video quality effectively and efficiently. Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art 2D quality metrics and quality metrics for omnidirectional images.     

Multicolor Photo‐Crosslinkable AIEgens toward Compact Nanodots for Subcellular Imaging and STED Nanoscopy

Aggregation induced emission (AIE) has attracted considerable interest for the development of fluorescence probes. However, controlling the bioconjugation and cellular labeling of AIE dots is a challenging problem. Here, this study reports a general approach for preparing small and bioconjugated AIE dots for specific labeling of cellular targets. The strategy is based on the synthesis of oxetane‐substituted AIEgens to generate compact and ultrastable AIE dots via photo‐crosslinking. A small amount of polymer enriched with oxetane groups is cocondensed with most of the AIEgens to functionalize the nanodot surface for subsequent streptavidin bioconjugation. Due to their small sizes, good stability, and surface functionalization, the cell‐surface markers and subcellular structures are specifically labeled by the AIE dot bioconjugates. Remarkably, stimulated emission depletion imaging with AIE dots is achieved for the first time, and the spatial resolution is significantly enhanced to ≈95 nm. This study provides a general approach for small functional molecules for preparing small sized and ultrastable nanodots.     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.