计及电热需求响应的共享储能容量配置与动态租赁模型

为了科学合理地配置共享储能系统的参数、减少不必要的投资建设成本,提出一种计及电热综合需求响应的共享储能容量优化配置模型.首先,介绍了共享储能的运营模式,并分析了以往研究中共享储能模型的不足,进而提出共享储能动态容量租赁模型.其次,针对一类电-热综合能源微网进行建模.在此基础上,提出计及电热综合需求响应下共享储能容量配置...     

基于COSMO-SAC模型研究离子液体对氨水溶液汽液平衡的影响

采用COSMO-SAC模型研究了不同离子液体存在下氨水溶液的汽液相平衡,探讨了离子液体的亲水性、酸碱性、阴阳离子种类以及功能基团修饰等对氨的相对挥发度的影响。研究发现,不同性质的离子液体均会影响氨水系统的汽液相平衡。一般地,如果水与离子液体相互作用能高于氨与水的相互作用能,离子液体将有利于氨的逸出。当阴离子亲水性和形成氢键的能力越强,或者水与阴离子相互作用能越强,或者氨与阳离子相互作用能越弱,则离子液体越能促进氨水分离。水/离子液体之间的相互作用能与氨/水之间的相互作用能差值越大,离子液体越能提高氨的相对挥发度。当水与离子液体相互作用能低于氨与水的相互作用能时,离子液体也能促进低浓度下的氨水分离。阴离子要比阳离子更能影响氨的相对挥发度,其中氯离子([Cl]^-)、醋酸根离子([Ac]^-)型离子液体对促进氨水分离的效果更佳。对于甲基咪唑类阳离子([C _n mim]⁺,n=2、4、6、8),烷基链越长,越不利于氨的分离,但在[C₂mim]⁺上嫁接胺基(—NH₂)将会改善低浓度下氨水的分离效果。     

Phase equilibria of the propylene glycol/CO2 and propylene glycol/ethanol/CO2 systems

The high-pressure vapour–liquid phase equilibria (P–T–x–y) of the binary mixture propylene glycol/CO₂ have been experimentally investigated at temperatures of (398.2, 423.2 and 453.2) K over the pressure range from (2.5 to 55.0) MPa using a static-analytic method. Furthermore, the high-pressure vapour–liquid phase equilibria (P–T–x–y) of the ternary mixture propylene glycol/CO₂/ethanol at constant temperatures of (398.2, 423.2 and 453.2) K and at constant pressure of 15.0 MPa have been determined using a static-analytic method. Initial concentrations of components in propylene glycol (PG)/ethanol (EtOH) mixture vary from 10 up to 90 wt.%. In general, for binary system it was observed that the solubility of CO₂ in the heavy propylene glycol reach phase increases with increasing pressure at constant temperature. On the contrary, the composition of gaseous phase is not influenced by the pressure or the temperature. On average the solubility of PG in light phase of CO₂ amounts to 30 wt.%. The system behaviour at temperature of 398.2 K was investigated up to 70.0 MPa and a single-phase region was not observed. Above the pressure 60.0 MPa a single-phase region of the system was observed for the temperature of 423.2 K. For the temperature of 453.2 K the single-phase was observed above the pressure of 48.0 MPa. For ternary system it was observed that the composition of heavy phase is slightly influenced by the temperature when the mass fraction of EtOH in initial mixture is higher than 50 wt.%. If the mass fraction of PG in initial mixture is higher than 50 wt.%, the composition of heavy phase is not influenced by the temperature anymore. The composition of the PG, EtOH and CO₂ in light phase remains more or less unchanged and it is not influenced by the conditions.     

Liquid–liquid equilibria for ternary mixtures of methyl tert-butyl ether,ethyl tert-butyl ether,water and imidazolium-based ionic liquids at 298.15 K

The ternary liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) were analytically determined at 298.15 K for the following systems: {methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + water + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-ethylsulfate (EMISE)}, {MTBE + water + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF₄])}, {ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) + water + EMISE}and {ETBE + water + [Bmim][BF₄]}.All the determination were carried out at atmospheric pressure using stirred and thermo-regulated cells. The experimental data were correlated with the well-known NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models. In addition, distribution coefficients with selectivity of the ionic liquids EMISE and [Bmim][BF₄] for water in the MTBE or ETBE phase were determined.     

MgB_4O_7-Na_2B_4O_7-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O四元体系288K介稳相平衡的研究

采用等温蒸发法进行了MgB4O7-Na2B4O7-Li2B4O7-H2O四元体系288 K时的介稳相平衡研究,测定了该体系介稳相平衡的溶解度和密度.研究发现该四元体系为简单共饱和型,无复盐形成.根据溶解度数据绘制了相图,相图中有一个四元共饱点E,三条单变度曲线E1-E、E2-E、E3-E.平衡固相分别为:MgB4O7·9H2O、Na2B4O7·10H2O和Li2B4O7·3H2O.由相图可知:Na2B4O7对Li2B4O7具有盐析作用,对MgB4O7有盐溶作用.     

Experimental determination of methane hydrate dissociation curve up to 55 MPa by using a small amount of surfactant as hydrate promoter

Methane hydrate equilibrium has been studied upon continuous heating of the water-hydrate-gas system within the temperature range of 275-300 K. This temperature range corresponds to equilibrium pressures of 3.15-55 MPa. The hydrate formation/dissociation experiments were carried out in a high-pressure reactor under isochoric conditions and with no agitation. A small amount of surfactant (0.02 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) was added to water to promote hydrate formation. It was demonstrated that SDS did not have any influence on the gas hydrate equilibrium, but increased drastically both the hydrate formation rate and the amount of water converted into hydrate, when compared with the experiments without surfactant. To understand and clarify the influence of SDS on hydrate formation, macroscopic observations of hydrate growth were carried out using gas propane as hydrate former in a fully transparent reactor. We observed that 10^-3 wt% SDS (230 times less than the Critical Micellar Concentration of SDS) were sufficient to prevent hydrate particles from agglomerating and forming a rigid hydrate film at the liquid-gas interface. In the presence of SDS, hydrates grew mainly on the reactor walls as a porous structure, which sucked the solution due to capillary forces. Hydrates grew with a high rate until about 97 wt% of the water present in the reactor was transformed into hydrate.Our data on methane hydrate equilibrium both confirm already published literature data and complement them within the pressure range of 20-55 MPa.     

273 K及323 K条件下NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH三元体系相平衡 研究及其应用

为了对苦卤结晶析出的Na(Cl,Br)固溶体中氯化钠组分和溴化钠组分进行分离,测定了NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH三元体系在273及323 K温度时的溶解度数据,根据测得的液相点和湿渣相点确定了对应的固相点,由此绘制出了两个温度下的相图。结果显示,273及323 K温度下该三元体系的相图特征相似,均只有一个共饱点、两条饱和溶解度曲线,对应的固相结晶区有三个：NaCl纯盐结晶区、NaCl和Na(Cl,Br)固溶体共结晶区、Na(Cl,Br)固溶体结晶区。NaBr在无水甲醇中溶解度的增大导致NaCl溶解度大幅减小,说明NaBr对NaCl产生了较强的盐析效应,273 K时两种溶质在甲醇中的溶解度均比323 K时的溶解度大。依据273和323 K的NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH体系相图及298 K的NaCl–NaBr–H2O体系相图设计了分离Na(Cl,Br)固溶体中氯化钠和溴化钠的工艺。     

酮麝香与二甲苯麝香体系相平衡研究

为了判断酮麝香、二甲苯麝香固相存在状态,改进Lennard-Jonnes位能函数后得到了适用于极性和非极性分子的位能函数式,计算得到酮麝香、二甲苯麝香体系相互作用能量参数λ,结合NRTL方程计算确认酮麝香、二甲苯麝香为简单低共熔体系,采用差分扫描量热热分析法进行了实验验证。     

基于UNIFAC模型的基团-OCOO-与-CH3,ACH,CH3OH和CH3COO-的交互作用参数估算与验证

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) are experimentally measured for the binary systems of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) ethylene carbonate and methanol ethylene carbonate at 101.325kPa. The thermodynamic consistency of these experimental data is tested with an available statistic method. Interaction parameters of the carbonate group —OCOO— with the group —CH3, ACH, CH3OH and CHACO0— in UNIFAC model are determined using the experimental and literature VLE data. The results show that the calculated VLE data using the new UNIFAG parameters agree excellently with the experimental data in this work and in literature. These results are useful in the research on DMG and diphenyl carbonate synthesis by transesterification in design of reactor and distillation tower.     

一种基于分层博弈方法的用户协作中继网络上行传输机制研究

Cooperation allows wireless network users to benefi t from various gains such as an increase in the achieved rate or an improvement in the bit error rate. In the paper, we propose a distributed Hierarchical Game (HG) theoretic frame-work over multi-user cooperative communication networks to stimulate cooperation and improve the network performance. First, we study a two-user decision making game in the OFDMA based subscriber cooperative relaying network, in which subscribers transmit their own data in the f...