FUZZY MODELS OF UNIT OPERATIONS

A classical quantitative analysis is not appropriate for some ill-defined or/and very complex chemical engineering problems. An application of the fuzzy approach is therefore proposed. It is possible to build up a linguistic model. The specification of the grade of membership functions for linguistic values of the linguistic variables allows the use of a fuzzy model.     

一种新型毫米波频率调制器研究

本文给出一种新型毫米波频率调制电路，是将腔稳Ｇｕｎｎ振荡器与变容管调制电路通过反馈调节电路耦合起来形成的，在确需调制频偏的情况下，通过调整环路反馈系数可减少小变容客调制电路对Ｇｕｎｎ振荡器中心频率稳定度的影响，Ｇｕｎｎ振荡器中加一高Ｑ稳频腔，从而可以获得较高的频率稳定度。调制器调制灵敏度为３．５ＭＨｚ／Ｖ，调频线性度估于２％，中心频率稳定度６．５ｐｐｍ／℃（－２０－５０℃），输出功率大于１７ｄＢｍ     

挤压铸造高速钢轧辊的研究

高速钢具有硬度高、红硬性好等特点 ,适合于制作轧辊、导辊等高温下工作的部件。高速钢轧辊通常采用离心铸造方法生产 ,由于高速钢中合金元素密度差大 ,轧辊偏析严重 ,高速钢优异的耐磨性发挥不出来。为了克服离心铸造方法的缺点 ,开发了挤压铸造高速钢轧辊技术 ,研究了挤压铸造工艺对高速钢性能的影响。压力、保压时间和压下速度是影响高速钢轧辊缩孔的重要因素。采用浇注温度 1 4 0 0～ 1 4 5 0℃、压力1 5 0 MPa、保压时间 1 2 0～ 1 5 0 s,压下速度 1 4～ 1 6 mm/ s,可获得组织致密、无偏析、加工量少的高速钢轧辊。应用于高速线材轧机预精轧机架 ,使用寿命比高镍铬无限冷硬铸铁轧辊提高 5～ 8倍。     

Rigorous Similarity Solutions for Cavity Expansion in Cohesive‐Frictional Soils

The problem of cavity expansion from zero radius has no characteristic length and therefore possesses a similarity solution, in which the cavity pressure remains constant and the continuing deformation is geometrically self‐similar. In this case, the incremental velocity approach first used by Hill [7] to analyze cavity expansion in Tresca materials may be extended to derive a solution for limiting pressure of cavity expansion in Mohr‐Coulomb materials. An analytical solution for cavity limit pressures in Mohr‐Coulomb materials was suggested by Carter et al. [2]. However, the solution of Carter et al. may only be regarded as approximate since the convected part of the stress rate was neglected in their derivation. By including the convected part of the stress rate, Collins and Wang [4] later derived a semi‐analytical similarity solution for cavity expansion in purely frictional soils. The solution of Collins and Wang [4] was, however, obtained from numerical integration as their solution could not be expressed in explicit form. In this article, a rigorous closed‐form solution is derived for the expansion of cavities from zero initial radius in cohesive‐frictional soils. The solution procedure adopted here follows the Hill incremental velocity method, which is different from that used by Collins and Wang [4]. In particular, the plastic radius c is used in this article as the time scale. Unlike the solution of Collins and Wang [4], it is shown that by using a series expansion the similarity solution can be expressed in closed form.     

简摆鄂式破碎机合理破碎腔的研究与应用

分析了影响破碎腔设计的几个因素，对破碎腔最大啮角的设计理论提出了修正，指出国内破碎机破碎腔的问题所在，给出了合理的腔形，并在几个矿山投入使用，取得了满意的效果。     

A comparison of La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3−δ and Ni impregnated porous YSZ anodes fabricated in two different ways for SOFCs

In this paper, La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ (LSCrM) and Ni impregnated porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anodes have been fabricated in two different ways. The testing results demonstrated the excellent performance of the anode made by infiltrating a mixture of LSCrM and Ni(NO₃)₂ solutions into porous YSZ matrix. After reduction of the anode with hydrogen, an inner nano-network structure with mixed ionic-electronic conducting path has been formed within and between these added particles. A single cell with the anode at 800 °C exhibited the maximum power densities of 1151 and 704 mW cm⁻² when dry H₂ and CH₄ were used as the fuels, respectively; under the same conditions, the cell performances for LSCrM and Ni impregnated YSZ anode separately were 810 and 508 mW cm⁻². A cavity model was proposed to simulate the impregnating process and the loading was calculated. No carbon deposition was detected in the anode, even with the presence of Ni, after operation in dry CH₄ for about 6 h under open-circuit condition.     

微型铷原子钟专用795nm垂直腔表面发射激光器

针对铷(87 Rb)原子钟激励光源微型化和高温工作的特殊需求,设计并制备了对应铷原子能级跃迁的795nm垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)。首先,根据k·p理论计算了InAlGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱的价带能级和材料增益,得到最优的量子阱组分和厚度;然后,采用一维传输矩阵方法设计了795nm波段的布拉格反射器(DBR),根据完整结构VCSEL器件的驻波场分布设计了掺杂分布;最后,采用金属有机气相外延(MOVPE)技术生长了优化的795nm VCSEL外延结构,并制备了氧化限制型非闭合台面结构的795nm顶发射器件。实验显示:封装后的75μm口径器件可在室温至85℃范围内连续工作,最高功率为17mW,激光光束呈圆形,发散角为15°,激射波长的温漂系数为0.064nm/℃;在温度为52℃、注入电流为100mA时,激射波长位于794.7nm(对应铷原子钟需要的波长),基本满足铷原子钟激励光源对波长稳定和高温工作的要求。     

ON THE MOMENT COEFFICIENT CALCULATION OF A ROTATING DISK IN A TURBULENT FLUID FLOW

Mixing in co-rotating sinusoidal cavity flows is studied with period, T, and phase shift, a, as parameters. Notice that the main obstacle to uniform mixing is the existence of stable :ower periodic orbits, mixing windows, where uniform mixing takes place, are found in the T— a space u:iing bifurcation analysis. The main advantage of this method is a great saving of the computation time.     

The application and research of high-frequency ultrasonic reflection technique used in the measurement of small diameter’s tube cavity size

Based on the problems that the photoelectric detection method and the X-ray testing method cannot provide the ideal accuracy when they are applicated to detect the cavity of small workpiece with diameter Φ6 mm and the general probes cannot stretch to the internal of the workpiece, we propose a high-frequency ultrasonic reflection technique which is used to measure the cavity size of diameter tube. The method uses ultrasound to measure the thickness. It can extract information about the wall size of workpiece through signal processing, feature extraction and other methods. By using this information, we can measure the size of cavity. Compared with the test results showed by a venire caliper and screw micrometer, we can get the conclusion that the immersion focusing probe with center frequency of 10 MHz can accurately detect the cavity of the workpiece. The experiment shows that the method gives consideration to the accuracy and computational efficiency of the workpiece’s cavity parameters. It can get data supplely and effectively. There are other advantages of this method such as stable performance, easy installation, and lower power consumption and penetration ability. It is suitable for the precision measurement of the workpiece.