Observer‐based H ∞ output tracking control for networked control systems

This paper is concerned with observer‐based H _∞ output tracking control for networked control systems. An observer‐based controller is implemented through a communication network to drive the output of a controlled plant to track the output of a reference model. The inputs of the controlled plant and the observer‐based tracking controller are updated in an asynchronous way because of the effects of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts in the controller‐to‐actuator channel. Taking the asynchronous characteristic into consideration, the resulting closed‐loop system is modeled as a system with two interval time‐varying delays. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which makes use of information about the lower and upper bounds of the interval time‐varying delays, is constructed to derive a delay‐dependent criterion such that the closed‐loop system has a desired H _∞ tracking performance. Notice that a separation principle cannot be used to design an observer gain and a control gain due to the asynchronous inputs of the plant and the controller. Instead, a novel design algorithm is proposed by applying a particle swarm optimization technique with the feasibility of the stability criterion to search for the minimum H _∞ tracking performance and the corresponding gains. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an example. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Observer‐based H ∞ control for networked systems with bounded random delays and consecutive packet dropouts

This paper is concerned with the H _∞ control problem for a class of systems with bounded random delays and consecutive packet dropouts that exist in both sensor‐to‐controller channel and controller‐to‐actuator channel during data transmission. A new model is developed to describe possible random delays and packet dropouts by two groups of Bernoulli distributed stochastic variables. To avoid the state augmentation, a full‐order observer‐based feedback controller is designed via LMI approach. Based on the Lyapunov theory, a sufficient condition is provided to guarantee the closed‐loop networked system to be asymptotically mean‐square stable and achieve the prescribed H _∞ disturbance‐rejection‐attenuation level. The simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H ∞ control for discrete‐time nonlinear Markov jump systems with multiplicative noise and sector constraint

This paper addresses the finite horizon H _∞ control problem for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear Markov jump systems with multiplicative noise and nonlinear feedback device. The system nonlinearity occurs in a random way specified by a Bernoulli process, whereas the actuator and sensor nonlinearities are restricted to a sector region. Both the state and the dynamic output feedback H _∞ controllers are devised in terms of difference LMIs. The proposed approach not only allows the resulting system to achieve a prescribed disturbance attenuation level, but also enables the output of actuator/sensor to meet the designated sector condition. Moreover, it is also shown that our approach is well‐adapted for dealing with the discrete‐time Markov jump systems with saturated actuator and sensor. Finally, a backward iterative algorithm is provided to solve the obtained difference LMIs and a numerical example is presented to verify the efficiency of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust adaptive control for a class of cascaded nonlinear systems with applications to space interception

This paper proposes a robust H _∞ ‐based adaptive backstepping control scheme for the output stabilization of a special class of cascaded nonlinear systems. This kind of systems possess the feature that the first sub‐equation is a linear perturbed system, whereas the rest ones perform a general semi‐strict feedback form. Different from the conventional backstepping design approach, the special cascaded structure ensures to introduce the H _∞ technique to the backstepping procedure such that both the robust performance and the robust stability can be simultaneously guaranteed. Within the Lyapunov framework, the proposed control scheme is proved to guarantee (i) the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the system signals with a bound that can be made arbitrarily small by suitably choosing control parameters; (ii) asymptotic output stabilization as long as the uncertain nonlinearities and external disturbances vanish; and (iii) ‐performance of the closed‐loop system. A space interception scenario is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient Gene Transfection into Mammalian Cells Mediated by Cross-linked Polyethylenimine

25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) has successfully been used for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery approaches, but it is cytotoxic. Smaller PEIs are usually non-cytotoxic but less efficient. In order to enhance the gene delivery efficiency and minimize cytotoxicity of PEI, we explored to synthesize cross-linked PEIs with degradable bonds by reacting amines of small branched 2000 Da PEI with small diacrylate (1,4-butanediol diacrylate or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) for 2–6 hours. The efficiency of the cross-linked PEIs during in vitro delivering plasmid containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene reporter and their cytotoxicity were assessed in melanoma B16F10 cell and other cell lines. In vivo gene delivery efficiency was evaluated by direct injection delivery of the EGFP plasmid/cross-linked PEI complexes into mice and by estimating the EGFP expression in animal muscles. Compared to commercially available 25-kDa branched PEI, the cross-linked PEIs reported here could mediate more efficient expression of reporter gene than the 25-kDa PEI control, 19-fold more efficiently in B16F10 cells, 17-fold in 293T cells, 2.3-fold in 3T3 cells, and they exhibited essentially nontoxic at their optimized condition for gene delivery. Furthermore the transfection activity of polyplexs was preserved in the presence of serum proteins. The muscle transfected with the cross-linked PEI prepared here exhibited normal morphology and excellent gene expression. The cross-linked PEIs reported here were evidently more efficient than the commercial 25-kD PEI control and had less cytotoxicity in gene delivery in vitro and in vivo.     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及其降解稠油特性

以稠油为唯一碳源,从被稠油污染过的土壤中筛选到一株高效石油烃降解茵,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定确认其为枯草芽孢杆茵.在摇瓶实验中,该菌最佳降解温度为35～45℃,最佳pH值为7.5～8.5,最佳盐质量浓度为8～16 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,当油质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,稠油降解率达34.3%.利用GC-nD分析知,该茵主要降解稠油中n-C9～n-C40的烷烃组分;利用GC-MS分析得知,该茵对蔡及烷基化萘去除彻底,对二苯并噻吩、芴和稠二萘等部分芳烃类化合物有降解作用,在稠油降解过程中菲及菲的衍生物有所增加.     

厌氧活性污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化

针对特种污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化一直是微生物分子生态学研究的重点.在反硝化抑制硫酸盐还原菌的研究中,研究厌氧硫酸盐还原污泥和反硝化污泥DNA的提取方法,应用通用引物958F/1401R扩增16S rDNA序列,探讨不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱多样性影响,同时采用时间进程法对DGGE图谱进行优化.结果表明,采用PBS洗涤污泥和超声震荡有利于硫酸盐还原污泥DNA提取;采用958F/1401R为引物时,扩增片段大约500 bp,不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱的多样性影响不显著;采用时间进程法可以很好地再现不同电泳阶段对样品的分离效果,最佳变性剂梯度为40%～60%,在130 V电压下,最佳电泳时间为5 h.     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

HPV16型免疫胶体金诊断试纸条的制备

建立一种快速、准确、简便检测高危型人乳头瘤病毒16型的胶体金诊断试纸条,以用于宫颈癌的早期筛查。用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备了酒红色的30 nm胶体金颗粒,胶体金颗粒标记的单抗的实际标记量为6μg/mL。选用了2种稳定剂BSA和PEG20000获得了稳定的金标抗体溶液。实验结果表明:第7种样品垫处理液和第7种结合垫处理液处理样品垫和结合垫组装的试纸条效果最好;试纸条检测HPV16E6蛋白为阳性,检测HPV16L1蛋白为阴性。     

一株微生物采油菌的16S rDNA鉴定和绿色荧光蛋白分子标记

筛选到一株高效生产多糖的YX菌,油田先导试验证明该菌可以用于微生物调剖提高原油采收率（Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery,MEOR）.经16SrDNA分析鉴定,YX菌属于肠内杆菌属（Enterobacter.）,为跟踪监测其动态信息,构建表达绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）的重组质粒pET-30a（＋）-EGFP,利用CaCl2法将其转化至YX菌,利用荧光显微镜可以观察到重组YX（GFP）工程菌的绿色荧光.结果表明YX菌可以被绿色荧光蛋白基因标记,用于微生物采油研究.