曲面拟合过程中的参数值优化方法

参数值的准确性对曲面拟合的效率以及精度影响非常大,直接通过参数化方法获得的参数值往往不够精确。在曲面拟合过程中,需要反复利用逼近得到的曲面优化参数值,但是常用的参数优化方法应用到局部曲率大的曲面时,参数的迭代优化的过程可能不收敛,从而使得曲面拟合难以继续。随着参数化方法以及曲面拟合研究的发展,局部曲率大的曲面也可以被较好的参数化并进而逼近拟合,因此研究大曲率曲面上的参数值优化意义重大。笔者提出一种比常用参数值优化方法精确度更高的参数迭代优化计算方法,进而通过添加收敛判据确保迭代过程收敛。该方法在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

光学表面的分形结构和表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构上呈现出的统计自相似性，利用与尺度无关的分形模型描述了光学表面的结构特征，采用结构函数法对分形维数进行计算，分析了抛光表面的分形特点。在此基础上，提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法，分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。     

Probabilistic fatigue crack growth analysis of spot‐welded joints

This paper presents a probabilistic fatigue crack growth life prediction methodology for spot‐welded joints under variable amplitude loading history. The loading is multi‐axial and is obtained from transient response analysis of a vehicle model using finite‐element analysis. A three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model of a simplified joint with four spot welds is developed, and the static stress analysis of this joint is performed. Then the fatigue crack inside the base material sheet is modelled as a surface crack. Probabilistic crack growth model is combined with the stress analysis result to develop a probabilistic fatigue crack growth life prediction methodology for spot welds. This new method is implemented with MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/FATIGUE and is useful for the reliability assessment of spot‐welded joints against fatigue crack growth.     

连铸坯表面裂纹的控制

生产无缺陷的连铸坯是连铸坯热送、热装的前提条件.铸坯表面裂纹可能导致最终轧制产品出现缺陷.简要评述了影响连铸坯表面纵裂纹、横裂纹和星形裂纹形成的原因,及防止表面裂纹产生的技术措施.     

减少厚板坯表面横裂纹的研究

铸坯表面横向裂纹是连铸坯较严重的缺陷,其对铸坯的生产和质量危害很大.主要分析了鞍钢集团新轧钢公司第一炼钢厂厚板坯表面横裂纹产生的原因,同时针对各种原因,制定相应的预防措施,以减少表面横裂纹的发生.     

提高铝合金型材表面质量的措施

从原材料、挤压工艺、模具和搬运等几个方面详细分析了影响型材表面质量的因素．并提出了提高铝型材表面质量的一些方法。     

On the Galerkin formulation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

In this paper, we propose a Galerkin‐based smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation with moving least‐squares meshless approximation, applied to free surface flows. The Galerkin scheme provides a clear framework to analyse several procedures widely used in the classical SPH literature, suggesting that some of them should be reformulated in order to develop consistent algorithms. The performance of the methodology proposed is tested through various dynamic simulations, demonstrating the attractive ability of particle methods to handle severe distortions and complex phenomena. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稀土钙钛矿催化剂制备方法的研究进展

稀土钙钛矿超微粉体的常规制备方法主要有机械混合法、化学共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法以及微乳液法等等。本文总结了以上各种方法的制备过程、特点以及在工艺优化方面国内外所取得的研究进展,并从机理上探讨了上述工艺对稀土钙钛矿催化剂相关性能的影响。     

Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics assessment of test data for circumferential cracked pipes

This paper presents experimental validation of two reference stress based methods for circumferential cracked pipes. One is the R6 method where the reference stress is defined by the plastic limit load. The other is the enhanced reference stress method, recently proposed by the authors, where the reference stress is defined by the optimised reference load. Using 38 published pipe test data, the predicted maximum instability loads according to both methods are compared with the experimental ones for pipes with circumferential through-thickness cracks and with part circumferential surface cracks. It is found that the R6 method gives conservative estimates of the maximum loads for all cases. Ratios of the experimental maximum load to the predicted load range from 0.54 to 0.98. On the other hand, the proposed method gives overall closer maximum loads than R6, compared to the experimental data. However, for part through-thickness surface cracks, the estimated loads were slightly non-conservative for four cases, and possible reasons are fully discussed.     

船用锚链钢M20Mn冷弯断裂原因分析

通过化学成分测试和金相组织分析，认为M20Mn试样冷弯断裂的主要原因是圆钢存在严重的热轧带状组织和表面增碳。采取选择合适的浇注温度和注速、在浇注过程中避免保护渣污染钢液、控制终轧温度等预防措施，消除了M20Mn冷弯断裂缺陷。