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41.
A finite element method for treating two-dimensional electron systems with Rashba spin–orbit interaction is developed. The Rashba spin–orbit interaction removes spin degeneracy, so that each spin contributes to the conductance differently. By accounting for the connection between a system and leads, this method yields the conductance of a nanoscale quantum device for each spin state. As an example, this calculation method is applied to a model of a quantum point contact. The results of this calculation indicate conductance quantization and a large spin polarization. We discuss the estimated accuracies of this calculation. 相似文献
42.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary algorithm used extensively. This paper presented a new particle swarm optimizer based on evolutionary game (EGPSO). We map particles’ finding optimal solution in PSO algorithm to players’ pursuing maximum utility by choosing strategies in evolutionary games, using replicator dynamics to model the behavior of particles. And in order to overcome premature convergence a multi-start technique was introduced. Experimental results show that EGPSO can overcome premature convergence and has great performance of convergence property over traditional PSO. 相似文献
43.
We present a nonlinear mathematical model for numerical analysis of the behavior of concrete subject to transient heating according to the standard ISO fire curve. The mathematical model consists of the balance equations (conservations laws) with boundary and initial conditions, constitutive laws and material data for concrete at high temperatures. The numerical algorithm based on finite element method for the numerical solution of the energy equation and finite difference method for the mass balance equations is presented. Distributions of temperature, saturation of water and water vapor pressure are demonstrated. 相似文献
44.
In this article,the authors obtain an integral representation for the relaxation of the functional
F(x,u,Ω):={∫^f(x,u(x),εu(x))dx Ω if u∈W^1,1(Ω,R^N), +∞ otherwise, in the space of functions of bounded deformation,with respect to L^1-convergence.Here Eu represents the absolutely continuous part of the symmetrized distributional derivative Eu.f(x,p,ξ)satisfying weak convexity assumption. 相似文献
F(x,u,Ω):={∫^f(x,u(x),εu(x))dx Ω if u∈W^1,1(Ω,R^N), +∞ otherwise, in the space of functions of bounded deformation,with respect to L^1-convergence.Here Eu represents the absolutely continuous part of the symmetrized distributional derivative Eu.f(x,p,ξ)satisfying weak convexity assumption. 相似文献
45.
The large deformation of a cantilever beam under point load at the free tip is investigated by an analytic method, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The explicit analytic formulas for the rotation angle at the free tip are given, which provide a convenient and straightforward approach to calculate the vertical and horizontal displacements of a cantilever beam with large deformation. These explicit formulas are valid for most practical problems, thus providing a useful reference for engineering applications. The corresponding Mathematica code is given in the Appendix. 相似文献
46.
Energy-conserving algorithms are necessary to solve nonlinear elastodynamic problems in order to recover long term time integration accuracy and stability. Furthermore, some physical phenomena (such as friction) can generate dissipation; then in this work, we present and analyse two energy-consistent algorithms for hyperelastodynamic frictional contact problems which are characterised by a conserving behaviour for frictionless impacts but also by an admissible frictional dissipation phenomenon. The first approach permits one to enforce, respectively, the Kuhn–Tucker and persistency conditions during each time step by combining an adapted continuation of the Newton method and a Lagrangean formulation. In addition the second method which is based on the work in [P. Hauret, P. Le Tallec, Energy-controlling time integration methods for nonlinear elastodynamics and low-velocity impact, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 195 (2006) 4890–4916] represents a specific penalisation of the unilateral contact conditions. Some numerical simulations are presented to underscore the conservative or dissipative behaviour of the proposed methods. 相似文献
47.
Rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms is the leading cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, which results in significant
morbidity and mortality. Although many have suggested that saccular aneurysms enlarge and rupture due to mechanical instabilities,
our recent nonlinear analyses suggest that at least certain classes of aneurysms do not exhibit a quasi-static limit point
instability or dynamic instabilities in response to periodic loading. Based on an increased understanding of the ubiquitous
role of growth and remodeling within the vasculature and recent histopathological data on saccular aneurysms, it is hypothesized
that a stress-mediated regulation of collagen turnover causes their enlargement. There is a need, however, for a theoretical
framework to explore this and competing hypotheses. In this paper, we present a 2-D constrained mixture model for growth and
remodeling of an ellipsoidally shaped saccular aneurysm and numerically simulate enlargement and changes in material symmetry
in the aneurysmal wall. Results suggest that ellipsoidal aneurysms tend toward spherical shapes, and a competition between
radial expansion and wall thickening plays a critical role in determining the stability of an enlarging lesion. 相似文献
48.
A solid-state rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR method was introduced to identify the ?- and ψ-torsion angle from a 1H–15N or 1H–13C′ spin system of alanine-like residues in a selectively, uniformly, or extensively 15N-/13C-labeled peptide. When a Cα(i) or a 15N peak is site-specifically obtainable in the NMR spectrum of a uniformly 15N/13C-labeled sample system, the ψ- or ?-torsion angle specified by the conformational structure of peptide geometry involving 15N(i)–1Hαi–15N(i + 1) or 13C′(i − 1)–1HNi–13C′(i) spin system can be identified based on 13Cα- or 15N-detected 1Hα–15N or 1HN–13C REDOR experiment. This method will conveniently be utilized to identify major secondary motifs, such as α-helix, β-sheet, and β-turn, from a uniformly 15N-/13C-labled peptide sample system. When tested on a 13C-/15N-labeled model system of a three amino acid peptide Gly–[U–13C, 15N]Ala–[U–13C, 15N]Leu, the ψ-angle of alanine obtained experimentally, ψ = −40 ± 30°, agreed reasonably well with the X-ray determined angle, ψ = −39°. 相似文献
49.
50.