双频谱指数在心脏瓣膜置换术中的观察

目的应用脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测常规经验麻醉下瓣膜置换术病人的麻醉深度(意识水平),观察BIS在伤害性刺激时的变化.方法选择30例瓣膜置换术病人,采用芬太尼、咪唑安定、哌库溴铵及心血管活性药物对病人实施麻醉;术中监测并有专人分别记录入室(基础值)、诱导后、插管后、切皮后、锯胸骨时、缝胸骨时及术毕BIS和MAP,HR各参数值,观察不同阶段各参数的变化.结果诱导后各参数均明显降低,虽然切皮后、锯胸骨及缝胸骨等强刺激后MAP和HR未见统计学意义的显著改变,但BIS却显著增高(P＜0.01);全部病人锯胸骨时BIS均在60(67.28±8.97)以上,缝胸骨时63(68.46±8.70)以上,而无1例低于50者.结论该组瓣膜置换术病人麻醉偏浅,尤以锯胸骨、缝胸骨及术毕等时段为甚,表现为BIS值偏高,有知晓发生;知晓可发生在临床认为满意的麻醉中;应用BIS监测,可更加合理地评价麻醉深度.     

人工全髋置换术中拉钩对下肢深静脉血栓影响的研究

目的：通过对髂外动静脉及股动静脉与髋臼解剖学与临床的研究，探讨在全髋臼置换术中拉钩在髋放置位置对下肢深静脉血栓的影响。方法：通过解剖学研究56具成年骨盆标本中髂外动静脉及股动静脉来源及走行、与髋臼的关系进行测量分析；并通过临床观察22例（股骨颈骨折12例、股骨头缺血性坏死6例、类风湿性关节炎4例）在人工全髋置换术（THR）中拉钩放置安全区，经下肢静脉超声多普勒检查观察下肢深静脉血栓发病率。结果：在左侧3-5点间、右侧7-9点、左侧9点、右侧3点使用拉钩用力要适度，牵拉时间过长，会造成臀下血管、股动脉的牵拉过度或时间过长，易引起下肢深静脉血栓；通过临床22例THR拉钩放置安全区的观察，无一例下肢深静脉血栓，仅有2例轻度深静脉血流缓慢、但无明显的症状体征，经过口服活血通络中药后消失。结论：通过解剖学与临床观察研究，确定在THR中拉钩放置位置、深度是避免下肢深静脉血栓的重要因素。     

雌激素替代治疗与老年痴呆

老年性痴呆症是随年龄增长发生的由于智力和记忆力严重受损而影响到生活不能自理的综合症。随着人口的老龄化，老年性痴呆在许多发达国家已成为严重的社会卫生难题，从而受到重视。近年发现，绝经后妇女雌激素替代治疗（ＥｓｔｒｏｇｅｎＲｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔＴｈｅｒａ...     

Patello-femoral complications associated with total knee arthroplasty

The patello-femoral articulation accounts for a significant number of the complications that occur after total knee replacements and which require re-operation. These include problems with stability, component wear, fracture, loosening, and osteonecrosis. With careful attention to prosthetic design and surgical technique, these complications can be minimized. Guest Lecture presented at the 26th meeting of the Japanese Society for Replacement Arthroplasty in Tokyo on February 2, 1996     

MANAGEMENT OF CHONDROSARCOMA INCLUDING MODULAR CERAMIC AND ALUMINA PROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT

Forty-one cases of chondrosarcoma from varying sites throughout the body, and treated exclusively by one of the authors (R. L. H.) from 1972 to 1990 were reviewed. The symptoms, signs, location of tumours, treatment and progress are presented. Particular attention was paid to modular bone replacement techniques. Excision and reconstruction of the bone or joint were carried out in 17 femora, five tibia and six humeri. Comparison between this method of management and other techniques is discussed. Titanium and alumina prostheses for the hip, femur, tibia, shoulder and humerus have been designed by the senior author. These are both inert and modular, and have been found to be superior to other methods of treatment in both function and cosmesis. They do not possess the same potential donor infection risks and other disadvantages of allograft replacement. Immediate postoperative weight bearing and mobilization are possible with these systems. The Huckstep prostheses allow for bony in growth into their porous coated alumina sleeves, spacers and stems. In addition, the titanium alloy locking component for the femoral stems has an elasticity half that of other metal alloys and this was found to minimize stress shielding.     

Disc replacement using Pro-Disc C versus fusion: a prospective randomised and controlled radiographic and clinical study

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) may be considered to be the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease within the cervical spine. However, fusion of the segment may result in progressive degeneration of the adjacent segments. Therefore, dynamic stabilization procedures have been introduced. Among these, artificial disc replacement by disc prosthesis seems to be promising. However, to be so, segmental motion must be preserved. This, again, is very difficult to judge and has not yet been proven. The aim of the current study was to first analyse the segmental motion following artificial disc replacement using a disc prosthesis. A second aim was to compare both segmental motion as well as clinical result to the current gold standard (ACDF). This is a prospective controlled study. Twenty-five patients with cervical disc herniation were enrolled and assigned to either study group (receiving a disc prosthesis) or control group (receiving ACDF, using a cage with bone graft and an anterior plate.) Radiostereometric analysis was used to quantify intervertebral motion immediately as well as 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. Further, clinical results were judged using visual analogue scale and neuro-examination. Cervical spine segmental motion decreased over time in the presence of disc prosthesis or ACDF. However, the loss of segmental motion is significantly higher in the ACDF group, when looked at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. We observed significant pain reduction in neck and arm postoperatively, without significant difference between both groups (P > 0.05). Cervical spine disc prosthesis preserves cervical spine segmental motion within the first 6 months after surgery. The clinical results are the same when compared to the early results following ACDF.     

人工肱骨头置换术后大结节影像学改变与肩关节功能

目的观察新鲜复杂肱骨近端骨折行人工肱骨头置换术后随访X线片上重建大结节影像的动态改变,探讨其原因及其与肩关节功能的关系。方法2002年2月至2005年7月应用人工肱骨头置换治疗新鲜复杂肱骨近端骨折68例,59例术后随访1年以上。男28例,女31例;年龄28～80岁,平均59岁。以随访中肩关节外旋正位X线片上出现大结节影像明显变化的8例为研究组,其余患者为对照组。比较两组的肩关节功能,明确大结节影像改变的临床意义。结果两组术后主动前屈上举角度、主动前屈上举肌力、主动体侧外旋肌力、SST评分以及ASES评分的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而主动体侧外旋角度和主动体侧内旋的差异无统计学意义。结论复杂肱骨近端骨折患者应用人工肱骨头置换术后,若随访过程中逐渐出现肩关节外旋正位X线片上大结节影像明显减小甚至消失可能预示肩关节功能恢复不佳。推测造成这种大结节改变的原因是多方面的,其中包括大结节骨块血运差导致的部分骨吸收,以及大结节骨块不愈合导致的骨块进一步移位。     

人工全髋关节置换术中偏心距重建对髋关节功能的影响

目的比较标准股骨假体行人工全髋关节置换术中股骨假体颈长和股骨距保留对偏心距重建的作用，并分析偏心距重建对软组织平衡的影响。方法68例（71髋）行初次全髋关节置换术并获得随访。术中确定双下肢等长、髋关节稳定及周围软组织紧张度适中。术后采用Harris评分评估手术结果，Cybex-6000等速测定患髋外展肌力，通过手术记录和X线片测量获得偏心距、股骨距、假体颈长、外展肌力臂，用SPSS11．5统计学软件包对数据进行分析。结果假体颈长对偏心距的影响较股骨距大（P＜0．01），并与偏心距呈正相关关系（r=0．642，P＜0．001），但两者对于Harris评分影响的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。股骨头坏死患者术后的偏心距较髋关节骨关节炎患者（P＜0．01）和股骨颈骨折患者小（P＜0．01）。颈于角与偏心距外展肌力臂比呈正相关关系（r=0．25，火0．05）。偏心距重建较好的髋关节术后外展肌力较偏心距重建不足者优（P＜0．05），且两者呈相关关系（r=0．29，P＜0．05）。结论偏心距的重建在全髋关节置换术软组织平衡中主要起到增强术后外展肌力的作用。采用标准股骨假体重建术后股骨偏心距，股骨假体颈长对人工全髋关节置换术后偏心距的重建作用大于股骨距的保留，在诸多影响因素中起到关键作用。     

异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者瑞芬太尼控制性降压的效果

目的探讨异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者瑞芬太尼控制性降压的效果。方法择期行髋关节置换术患者30例,ASA分级Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=15):瑞芬太尼组(R组)和硝普钠组(N组)。2组麻醉诱导气管插管后在30min内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5 15ml/kg行急性高容量血液稀释,桡动脉穿刺置管监测平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),颈内静脉穿刺置管监测中心静脉压,术中维持脑电双频谱指数45～55。2组于切皮前开始降压,R组和N组分别持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.3～0.7μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)、硝普钠0.5～6.0μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),使MAP降低到术前基础值的70%左右(60～70mm Hg)并维持至术毕。分别于急性高容量血液稀释后控制性降压前即刻(T_0)、控制性降压20min(T_1)、40min(T_2)、术毕(T_3)时抽取静脉血,测定血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、乳酸(Lac)浓度,同时抽取动脉血,行动脉血气分析,记录开始降压至目标血压所需的时间(降压诱导时间)、停降压药后MAP恢复至基础值的时间(MAP恢复时间)及术中出血量、输血量。结果与N组比较,R组降压诱导时间、MAP恢复时间、血气分析指标及Lae水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T_(1,2)时HR降低,出血量减少(P<0.05或0.01);N组有5例患者发生反射性心动过速,需使用艾司洛尔,T_3时有2例患者发生反跳性高血压,2组术后均未见并发症。结论异丙酚复合麻醉下髋关节置换术患者持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.3～0.7μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)控制性降压可控性好,降压及恢复平稳,且血液保护作用优于硝普钠。