位相对比乳腺摄影和彩色多普勒超声成像对早期乳腺癌诊断价值的对比研究

目的：探讨位相对比乳腺摄影（ phase-contrast mammography,PCM）与彩色多普勒超声（ color Doppler ultrasound,CDUS）对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法60例乳腺结节/肿块的乳腺拍片资料和超声资料分别由影像科和超声科医师进行双盲法分析,定性诊断,并与病理结果对照。结果60例乳腺占位中,乳腺癌36例,良性病变24例。 PCM和CDUS诊断早期乳腺癌的敏感性、准确性方面,二者差异显著（ P＜0.05）;对直径＜1.0 cm的病灶,PCM的准确性明显高于CDUS（P＜0.05）。结论对早期乳癌的定性诊断方面,PCM乳腺摄影为首选,但PCM与CDUS结合有利于发现更早期的乳腺癌。     

PCM修饰脂质体的制备及心肌靶向性初步评价

目的 制备心肌特异性靶向肽PCM修饰的载增强绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒(pEGFP)的脂质体(PCM-LIP),并初步考察其心肌靶向性.方法 采用薄膜分散-超声法,以PCM为配体,DOTAP为阳离子脂质材料制备脂质体,PCM-LIP与pEGFP室温孵育制备载质粒的脂质体.对PCM连接方法进行优化,测定PCM的连接率,并考察脂质体的载药能力、形态、粒径分布、电位及其在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的稳定性.通过倒置荧光显微镜和流式细胞术考察脂质体转染心肌细胞H9c2的效果,表征其心肌靶向性,筛选PCM的最佳用量.结果 PCM通过插入法连接,用量为脂质的3％,与pEGFP孵育后的PCM-LIP呈圆球形,粒径为(261.9±2.2)nm,zeta电位在为(-5.0±0.6)mV,在PBS中具有良好的稳定性,其对心肌细胞的转染效率高于未修饰的脂质体(P＜0.05).结论 PCM可提高脂质体对心肌细胞的转染效率,PCM-LIP具有良好的心肌细胞靶向性.     

中药联合清创术治疗急性期浆细胞性乳腺炎临床研究

目的:观察中医清创术配合中药治疗急性期浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年2月—2014年10月收治的急性期浆细胞性乳腺炎患者60例,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例,对照组使用常规西药治疗,观察组实施中医清创术配合中药治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果:观察组显效率及有效率明显高于对照组,治疗3个月后复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:中医清创术配合中药治疗急性期浆细胞性乳腺炎可以有效改善患者临床症状、体征,减轻乳房疼痛。     

HUMAN PROTEIN DEFICIENCY—BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS

Plasma essential amino acids and hormones, body albumin pool and turnover of albumin and globulin are sensitive indices of protein malnutrition in children. Phagocytic response and cell-mediated immunity show greater impairment than antibody response in protein-calorie malnutrition. Milk output but not quality is affected by protein deficiency.     

基于SD2PCM的数字减影图象序列无损压缩算法

DPCM编码在无损压缩中已被广泛应用 ,本文充分利用DSA图象序列在减影图象 (一阶差分 )之间仍然存在一定的相关性条件下 ,进一步推广了DPCM编码方式到高阶形式 ,提出了一种基于减影差异图象的DPCM(SD2 PCM )的编码方式 ,有效地去除了图象在空间以及时间上的冗余度。理论与实验的证明都证明了 ,SD2 PCM的压缩效率要优于目前的 3D DPCM。     

Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous chlorzoxazone in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition

The effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone (CZX) and one of its metabolites, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH-CZX), were investigated after intravenous administration of CZX, 25 mg/kg, to control rats (4-week fed on 23% casein diet) and rats with PCM (4-week fed on 5% casein diet) and PCMC (PCM with oral cysteine supplementation, 250 mg/kg, twice daily during the fourth week). In rats with PCM, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of OH-CZX (436 compared with 972 microgmin/ml) and the percentages of intravenous dose of CZX excreted in 8-h urine as OH-CZX (20.2 compared with 38.5%) were significantly smaller than those in control rats. The above data indicated that the formation of OH-CZX from CZX decreased significantly in rats with PCM due to a significant decrease in chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylase activity (328 compared with 895 pmol/min/mg protein) in the rats. The results were expected since in rats with PCM, hepatic CYP2E1 expression and its mRNA levels decreased significantly as compared to control, and CZX was metabolized to OH-CZX primarily by CYP2E1 in rats. By cysteine supplementation (rats with PCMC), some pharmacokinetic parameters restored fully (hepatic microsomal chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity based on both mg protein and nmol CYP450) or partially (total body clearance and apparent volume of distribution at steady state of CZX, and AUC, terminal half-life and 8-h urinary excretion of OH-CZX) to control levels.     

The Regulation of Epidermal Hyperplastic Growth

Results of a meta-analysis indicate that the variation in potency factors observed across published epidemiology studies can be substantially reconciled (especially for mesothelioma) by considering the effects of fiber size and mineral type, but that better characterization of historical exposures is needed before improved exposure metrics potentially capable of fully reconciling the disparate potency factors can be evaluated. Therefore, an approach for better characterizing historical exposures, the Modified Elutriator Method (MEM), was evaluated to determine the degree that dusts elutriated using this method adequately mimic dusts generated by processing in a factory. To evaluate this approach, elutriated dusts from Grade 3 milled fiber (the predominant feedstock used at a South Carolina [SC] textile factory) were compared to factory dust collected at the same facility. Elutriated dusts from chrysotile ore were also compared to dusts collected in Quebec mines and mills. Results indicate that despite the substantial variation within each sample set, elutriated dusts from Grade 3 fiber compare favorably to textile dusts and elutriated ore dusts compare to dusts from mines and mills. Given this performance, the MEM was also applied to address the disparity in lung cancer mortality per unit of exposure observed, respectively, among chrysotile miners/millers in Quebec and SC textile workers. Thus, dusts generated by elutriation of stockpiled chrysotile ore (representing mine exposures) and Grade 3 milled fiber (representing textile exposures) were compared. Results indicate that dusts from each sample differ from one another. Despite such variation, however, the dusts are distinct and fibers in Grade 3 dusts are significantly longer than fibers in ore dusts. Moreover, phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) structures in Grade 3 dusts are 100% asbestos and counts of PCM-sized structures are identical, whether viewed by PCM or transmission electron microscope (TEM). In contrast, a third of PCM structures in ore dusts are not asbestos and only a third that are counted by PCM are also counted by TEM. These distinctions also mirror the characteristics of the bulk materials themselves. Perhaps most important, when the differences in size distributions and PCM/TEM distinctions in these dusts are combined, the combined difference is sufficient to completely explain the difference in exposure/response observed between the textile worker and miner/miller cohorts. Importantly, however, evidence that such an explanation is valid can only be derived from a meta-analysis (risk assessment) covering a diverse range of epidemiology study environments, which is beyond the scope of the current study. The above findings suggest that elutriator-generated dusts mimic factory dusts with sufficient reliability to support comparisons between historical exposures experienced by the various cohorts studied by epidemiologists. A simulation was also conducted to evaluate the relative degree that the characteristics of dust are driven by the properties of the bulk material processed versus the nature of the mechanical forces applied. That results indicate it is the properties of bulk materials reinforces the theoretical basis justifying use of the elutriator to reconstruct historical exposures. Thus, the elutriator may be a valuable tool for reconstructing historical exposures suitable for supporting continued refinements of the risk models being developed to predict asbestos-related cancer risk.