Income change after cruciate ligament injury — A population-based study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between choice of treatment and patients' income after cruciate ligament (CL) injury and assess the effect of different covariates such as sex, age, comorbidities and type of work.MethodsThis entire-population cohort study in Sweden included working patients with a diagnosed CL injury between 2002 and 2005, identified in The National Swedish Patient Register (n = 13,662). The exposure was the treatment choice (operative or non-operative treatment). The main outcome measure was average yearly income five years after CL diagnosis, adjusted for the following covariates: sex, age, comorbidities, type of work, region, calendar year, education and income.ResultsRelative to non-operative treatment, operative treatment was associated with greater average yearly incomes (nine to 15%) after injury among patients between 20 and 50 years, patients with partial university education, patients living in large cities and patients with one comorbidity, despite no overall significant association in the national cohort. Delayed operative treatment (> 1 year) had no significant association with income change, whereas early operative treatment (< 1 year) was associated with higher average yearly incomes (11 to 16%) among females, patients between 20 and 50 years, patients living in large cities and patients with one comorbidity.ConclusionsIn a broad sense, treatment choice was not associated with changes in income five years after CL injuries among patients in the workforce, however earlier operative treatment was associated with higher average incomes among patients with ages between 20 and 50, females, living in large cities, with one comorbidity and with a high level of education.     

Outcome of non-surgical treatment of proximal femur fractures in the fragile elderly population

IntroductionWith the aging of the population the rate of fragility hip fractures increases. While medical recommendations are for hasten surgical treatment, for some older patients burdened with severe comorbidities, this might be risky.AimsTo compare the outcomes of patients treated non-surgically to those of the most fragile patients treated surgically.Patients and methodsA retrospective cohort study, of individuals aged ≥65 yearswho presented with fragility hip fractures between 01.01.2011-30.06.2016, to a primary trauma center. Patients treated surgically were stratified according to their age-adjusted Charlsons' comorbidity index (ACCI) score. Patients in the upper third of ACCI score, representing the more fragile population, were compared to patients treated non-surgically.Results847 patients presented with fragility fractures. 94 (11%) were treated non-surgically and 753 (89%) underwent surgery. Medical reasons were the leading cause for non-surgical treatment (61.7%). Surgically-treated patients were stratified according to their ACCI and 114 patients with ACCI > 9 were chosen for comparison. While both groups were comparable in terms of age, the non-surgical treatment group had more female patients (p. = 0.026) and a smaller proportion of independent walkers (p < 0.001). The ACCI was higher for the surgical treatment group (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was similar (14.9% and 18.1% for the operative and non-surgical groups respectively, P. = 0.575). However, one-year mortality was significantly higher for the non-surgical group (48.2% vs. 67.0%, P. = 0.005). The rates of in-hospital complications and 1-year readmissions were similar.ConclusionsOperative treatment for fragility hip fracture reduces long-term mortality rates even in the more fragile patients, compared to non-surgical treatment.     

寰枢椎骨折的非手术治疗

目的：探讨寰枢椎骨折非手术治疗的适应证及治疗效果.方法：回顾性分析寰枢椎骨折非手术治疗43例,其中寰椎骨折11例,枢椎骨折32例,9例伴寰枢椎脱位合并不完全性脊髓损伤.非手术治疗方法包括费城围领（18例）、Halo-Vest外固定（24例）及颅骨牵引（1例）.结果：全部患者均获随访,随访时间9个月～4年,平均2年10个月,41例获一期愈合,骨折骨性愈合率95.3%,愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.3个月;2例Ⅱ型齿状突骨折患者非手术治疗6周后无骨折愈合征象,行齿状突螺钉内固定治愈.所有患者均寰枢椎稳定,寰枢椎屈伸和旋转功能恢复良好.9例伴不完全性脊髓损伤患者,按ASIA标准,8例神经功能恢复1级以上,1例无明显改善.结论：寰枢椎骨折多数可通过非手术治疗获得良好疗效,严格掌握非手术治疗的适应证和正确选择非手术治疗方法是获得寰枢椎骨折良好疗效的保证.     

The impact of residual angulation on patient reported functional outcome scores after non-operative treatment for humeral shaft fractures

PurposeTo determine if residual angular deformity following non-operative treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures correlates with patient reported outcomes.MethodsSkeletally mature patients treated by one of three orthopaedic trauma surgeons at a level 1 trauma centre with humeral shaft fractures treated without surgery were retrospectively identified over a 7 year period. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 patients were eligible for the study. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); Simple Shoulder Test (SST); General health questionnaire SF-12 physical component summary (SF-12 PCS) and mental component summary (SF-12 MCS) were obtained from study participants. Healed angular deformity was obtained from patient charts.ResultsThirty two subjects were successfully recruited (32/42 or 76%). Average age was 45 ± 22 with average study follow up being 47 ± 29 months. Average outcome scores were DASH 12 ± 16, SST 10 ± 2.7, SF-12 PCS 50 ± 7.9, and SF-12 MCS 54 ± 8.8. Healed sagittal plane deformity averaged 8 ± 5.7° [range 0−18], and 15 ± 7.9° [range 2−27] in the coronal plane. There was no correlation between residual sagittal or coronal plane deformity and outcome scores (DASH and SST for both p > 0.05). Patients with at least 20° (n = 7; 22%) of healed coronal deformity had similar outcomes to those with <20° ([DASH (13.2 ± 18.7 vs 11.7 ± 16.1; p = 0.83]; [SST (10.3 ± 2 vs 10.0 ± 2.9; p = 0.81]). Higher SF-12 PCS and MCS scores correlated with better DASH and SST scores (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionResidual angular deformity ranging from 0 to 18° in the sagittal plane and from 2 to 27° in the coronal plane after non-operative treatment for humeral shaft fractures had no correlation with patient reported DASH scores, SST scores, or patient satisfaction. Instead, overall physical and mental health status as measured by the SF-12 significantly correlated with patient reported outcomes.     

急性重症胰腺炎外科治疗临床体会

目的 总结1990年1月－2000年8月期间本科收治的49例急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）,以探讨其合理的治疗方法。方法 非手术治疗14例,均为非胆源性ASP,手术治疗35例,其中胆源性ASP13例。结果 非手术治疗14例,全部治愈,手术治疗35例,治愈31例,死亡4例。并发症及死亡均以ARDS为主。结论 围手术期的基本治疗及并发症的预防是ASP治疗成功的关键,重视早期ASP的非手术治疗。     

Review of the evidence on the management of blunt renal trauma in pediatric patients

Due to the size and location within the pediatric patient, the kidneys are susceptible to injury from blunt trauma. While it is clear that the goal of management of blunt renal trauma in children is renal preservation, the methods of achieving this goal have not been well established in the current literature. Therefore, we have set out to summarize and clarify the current published information on the management strategies for blunt renal trauma in children. While there is extensive literature available, it consists mostly of retrospective series documenting widely varied management styles. The purpose of this review is to display the current information available and delineate the role for future studies that may allow us to develop consistent management strategies of pediatric patients, who have sustained blunt renal trauma, in a safe and cost-effective manner.     

Phimosis and topical steroids: new clinical findings

Phimosis has been defined as unretractable foreskin without adherences and/or a circular band of tight prepuce preventing full retraction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy (response rate) of topical steroids for the treatment of tight phimosis at different age stages. After using the same medication with different dosage schemes, a retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the efficacy of topical steroids in the treatment of tight phimosis. Patients were divided into three groups: group A (betamethasone scheme A), group B (betamethasone scheme B) and group C (control group). Remission of phimosis, with a complete exposure and without a narrowing behind the glans, was considered a complete response to treatment. The outcomes were then related to dosage scheme and patient’s age. The dosage for group A was more effective than the dosage for groups B and C (control group). Phimosis resolved in 90% (group A), 72% (group B) and 56% (group C) of cases. A successful treatment was closely related to the age of patients at the beginning of steroid application. The results showed that treatment with topical steroids, which in general gives good results, proved to be much more successful in patients aged between 4 and 8 years, suggesting the efficacy of an early beginning of the treatment.     

Die konservative Therapie des Hallux rigidus

Hallux rigidus is a common pathology in foot and ankle surgery. Despite its clinical relevance there are only few studies regarding the conservative treatment of Hallux rigidus. The present review illustrates the present literature. The present literature supports the use of foot orthoses and insoles as well as physiotherapy with mobilization in cases of stage I-II Hallux rigidus.     

Iatrogenic spinal infection following epidural anaesthesia: case report

We present a case of epidural spinal abscess as a rare complication of epidural anaesthesia and discuss the diagnosis and management of this condition in patients presenting without neurological deficit.