急性出血坏死性胰腺炎早期非手术治疗的转归（附37例临床分析）

就１９９２年１月～１９９４年１２月我科３７例经ＣＴ诊断明确的急性坏死性胰腺炎非手术治疗的转归进行分析。结果显示：并发假阳性胰囊肿形成１５例，黄疸２０例，胰腺周围脓肿形成５例，假性胰腺囊肿并出血１例，呼吸功能衰竭行呼吸机辅助呼吸２例，胰瘘４例，３７例病人中，非抹治疗３０例痊愈，１例死亡，６例中手术，５例痊愈，１例死亡，中转手术的指征是胰朱或胰周的严重感染，手术方式以低创伤为原则，有６例经非抹治疗痊仍     

The management of wrist injuries: an international perspective

Wrist injury is common and may significantly impair the overall function of the upper extremity unless properly managed. Fractures of the distal radius are particularly common among the aging population, accounting for nearly 1/6 of all fractures, often as a result of increased longevity with the subsequent underlying osteoporosis. New diagnostic tools, including wrist arthroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography, are increasingly available in developed countries allowing accurate recognition and more effective resolution of lesions which would be otherwise missed using conventional methods. First world treatment standards, however, can scarcely be introduced in developing countries owing to, among other factors, different prevalence of problems, and the lack of resource to implement most modern technologies. If any program needs to be introduced that meets the demands of wrist injury management in the third world, aside from a better regionalisation of trauma care, it should emphasise adequate training of professionals in the use of more cost effective techniques of fracture reduction and stabilisation, applicable everywhere, with the minimum possible morbidity.     

Long-term results of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomised controlled trial

We randomised a total of 94 patients with long-standing moderate lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) into a surgical group and a non-operative group, with 50 and 44 patients, respectively. The operative treatment comprised undercutting laminectomy of stenotic segments, augmented with transpedicular-instrumented fusion in suspected lumbar instability. The primary outcome was the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the other main outcomes included assessments of leg and back pain and self-reported walking ability, all based on questionnaire data from 85 patients at the 6-year follow-up. At the 6-year follow-up, the mean difference in ODI in favour of surgery was 9.5 (95% confidence interval 0.9–18.1, P-value for global difference 0.006), whereas the intensity of leg or back pain did not differ between the two treatment groups any longer. Walking ability did not differ between the treatment groups at any time. Decompressive surgery of LSS provided modest but consistent improvement in functional ability, surpassing that obtained after non-operative measures.     

Interventions for treating proximal fifth metatarsal fractures in adults: A meta-analysis of the current evidence-base

Background

This study assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes of different non-surgical interventions, surgical versus non-surgical interventions, and different surgical interventions used in the management of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures.

Methods

A systematic review of published and unpublished literature was undertaken.

Results

Six studies, assessing 330 patients and 333 fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal were reviewed. Four studies assessed outcomes following tuberosity fractures, whilst 2 studies recruited patients following proximal diaphyseal or Jones fractures. The findings suggested that bandage is superior to below knee cast immobilisation for patient-reported functional and pain scores, with no difference in fracture union or re-fracture, and a shorter duration to return to work. There was no significant difference in complication rates or functional outcomes for patients managed in a plaster slipper compared to a bandage post-injury. When comparing surgical and non-surgical management, intramedullary screw fixation results in a shorter time to fracture union, reduced complication rates and earlier return to pre-injury activities compared to non-surgical cast immobilisation. However, the evidence-base is limited in it size and presented with a number of methodological limitations.

Conclusions

Further well-conducted randomised controlled trials are required to determine the optimal management strategy for the different types of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures.     

腹部闭合性肝损伤30例诊治分析

目的:了解腹部闭合性肝损伤的治疗方法,总结临床治疗闭合性肝损伤的经验.方法:对30例腹部闭合性肝损伤患者的临床诊治资料进行回顾性分析.结果:手术治疗组与非手术治疗组在治愈率,并发症发生率及输血量上均存在显著差异,P<0.05.结论:非手术治疗对I-Ⅱ级肝损伤的治疗效果比较突出,而手术治疗对Ⅲ级以上的肝损伤的治疗效果较好...     

肱骨近端嵌插型骨折采用非手术干预的临床疗效

目的探讨肱骨近端嵌插型骨折采用早期活动和传统制动3周后开始活动治疗的临床疗效。方法自2009年12月-2010年12月吴江市第一人民医院共诊治肱骨近端嵌插型骨折28例,平均年龄62岁,男性8例,女性20例;采用骨折72 h内开始活动治疗组和传统制动3周后开始活动组各14例。临床疗效评价：分别于6周、3个月和6个月采用Constant评分系统评价两组患者肩关节整体功能、VAS疼痛评分和主动活动范围。结果所有患者均获得半年以上随访,两组患者骨折均愈合,无一例肱骨头坏死。早期活动组的肩关节整体功能评分和主动活动范围较传统制动组更快更早的改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;早期活动组有VAS评分较传统制动组改善趋势。结论肱骨近端嵌插型骨折采用早期活动和传统制动3周后开始活动非手术治疗均可获得较好的疗效,早期活动能早期减轻疼痛与改善肩关节功能,同样安全可靠。     

烧伤并发肠系膜上动脉综合征临床报告

目的 探讨肠系膜上动脉综合征的临床特点和治疗方法.方法 对以往所治疗的烧伤并发肠系膜上动脉综合征的病历资料进行归纳分析,总结他们共同的临床表现、治疗方法和临床疗效.结果 5例患者均被治愈,他们的烧伤总面积均值为65.44％ TBSA±27.26％ TBSA,伤后平均发病时间为22.8 d±10.55 d,主要发病因素为长期卧床、全身性营养不良、身体消瘦,临床表现为上腹部饱胀,反复出现无痛性呕吐,进食后症状加重,每日呕吐物少则数百毫升,多则在2000 ml以上,为绿色或深绿色,无血迹.钡餐透视表现:胃十二指肠膨大,十二指肠第4段出现不全性梗阻.结论 烧伤并发肠系膜上动脉综合征的诱因未必都是大面积深度烧伤,内科保守疗法应是首选治疗方法,铜球鼻饲管道通过梗阻部位进行肠内营养,有助于能量补充和疾病恢复.     

SMILE术中第二术眼不同保护措施泪膜稳定性的对比研究

目的通过应用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪对飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出手术(SMILE)术中第二术眼不同保护措施的首次泪膜破裂时间(NIKBUTf)和平均泪膜破裂时间(NIKBUTav)变化情况进行对比研究,观察不同保护措施对泪膜稳定性的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2019年11月在重庆眼视光眼科医院行SMILE手术的患者作为研究对象。患者左眼为观察眼,SMILE术中在右眼行手术时,左眼按照不同处理方法分为3组,分别给予小牛血去蛋白眼用凝胶点眼、使用眼罩,以及空白对照。并分别在右眼手术前后,使用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪,完成左眼NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav检测,进行对比研究。采用SPSS 25.0进行统计学分析。结果共35例患者(35左眼)纳入研究,其中小牛血去蛋白眼用凝胶组12例,眼罩组11例,空白对照组12例。重复测量方差分析NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav均存在时间效应和分组效应,且时间与分组存在交互作用(P<0.05)。凝胶组左眼NIKBUTf在右眼手术前和右眼手术后即刻无统计学差异(P>0.05),凝胶组左眼NIKBUTav在右眼SMILE手术后即刻较右眼手术前延长(P<0.05)。眼罩组和对照组(空白)左眼NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav在右眼手术后即刻均缩短(P<0.05)。对照组NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav缩短最明显(P<0.05)。结论不同保护措施和时间变化均对NIKBUTf和NIKBUTav产生了影响,小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶应用于SMILE术中第二术眼的保护措施起到了保护泪膜稳定性的作用。眼罩对第二术眼的泪膜保护作用并不明显,常规手术操作对第二术眼无保护措施的情况下泪膜稳定性最差。     

Antibiotics-first strategy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults is associated with increased rates of peritonitis at surgery. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing appendectomy and non-operative management with antibiotics

Background

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical diagnosis in young patients, with lifetime prevalence of about 7%. Debate remains on whether uncomplicated AA should be operated or not. Aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess current evidence on antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated AA compared to standard surgical treatment.