胫骨骨折内外侧接骨板疗效对比分析

目的：对胫骨前内侧接骨板和胫骨前外侧接骨板治疗胫骨骨折的骨折愈合时间和切口愈合时间进行对比研究。方法：205例胫骨骨折,其中（192年2月至1996年1月）共96例采用前内侧接骨板进行治疗。为前内侧组;（1996年1月至2000年6月）共109例采用前外侧接骨板进行治疗。为前外侧组。结果：前内侧组骨折平均愈合时间优良率67%,切口平均愈合时间优良率64%;前外侧组骨折平均愈合时间优良率98%,切口平均愈合时间优良率97%。结论：前外侧组治疗胫骨骨折疗效优于前内侧组。     

Raloxifene

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, a compound that has estrogen agonist activity at some sites and antagonist activity at others. In investigations in animals and in rigorously conducted trials in humans, raloxifene treatment is associated with a 30%–40% reduction in risk of one or more spine fractures using the 60 mg dose. This reduction in risk is found in women with or without baseline fractures, in women with bone mineral density (BMD) in the lower, middle, or upper third of the low range (all had BMD reduced by more than 2.5 SD) and in women aged less than 65 years, between 65–70 years, and greater than 70 years. A reduction in ankle fractures, but not hip or wrist fractures, was found. Raloxifene treatment also is associated with a 60%–70% reduction in risk for breast cancer and is associated with reduced total and LDL cholesterol, lower fibrinogen, and no rise in triglyceride. Reduced aortic wall cholesterol content is reported in animal studies. These are surrogate endpoints of cardioprotection. There is no evidence that raloxifene reduces the incidence of myocardial or cerebrovascular events. Raloxifene does not induce breast tenderness, endometrial hyperplasia, menstrual bleeding, or endometrial cancer, but may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease (1/1000 cases per year), leg cramps in 2%–4% of cases and hot flushes in 4%–6% of cases, usually in first 6 months. Received: September 6, 2000     

Instant Vertebral Assessment: A Noninvasive Dual X-ray Absorptiometry Technique to Avoid Misclassification and Clinical Mismanagement of Osteoporosis

The presence of a vertebral fracture significantly increases the risk of future fracture, classifies a patient with "clinical" osteoporosis, and usually results in treatment for osteoporosis. However, the majority of vertebral fractures are silent, and lateral X-rays (the standard method for identification) are not routinely obtained. Instant vertebral assessment (IVA), a technology that utilizes dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), provides rapid assessment of vertebral fractures and is highly correlated with vertebral fractures, as assessed on standard lateral spine X-rays. To assess the role of IVA in patient management, we examined standard bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine, total hip, and femoral neck and spine IVA by DXA in 482 participants screened for an osteoporosis study, who had no previous knowledge of vertebral fractures. Using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, subjects were classified using BMD at the spine, total hip, femoral neck, or any combination of these central sites. In addition, we considered subjects as osteoporotic if they had vertebral fractures independent of low bone density. We found that vertebral fractures assessed by IVA were present in 18.3% of asymptomatic postmenopausal women recruited for this study. The sensitivity of BMD alone to diagnose osteoporosis based on either a vertebral fracture or low BMD using WHO criteria ranged from 40 to 74%. This means that between 26 and 60% of osteoporotic individuals could have potentially been missed. Furthermore, 11.0-18.7% of clinically osteoporotic individuals would have been classified as normal by BMD criteria alone. We conclude that IVA is a useful adjunct in the clinical identification of osteoporosis and may prevent mismanagement of osteoporotic patients.     

经椎弓根人工骨植骨加内固定术治疗26例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

[背景]探讨经椎弓根椎体内人工骨植骨加内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的效果.[病例报告]选择26例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病例,给予经椎弓根椎体内人工骨植骨加内固定术治疗作为观察组,与同期29例经单纯内固定治疗的同类骨折病例作为对照组观察疗效.观察组患者术后平均随访16个月,2例Cobb角加大2°,1例出现内固定物松动;对照组患者术后平均随访14个月,22例患者椎体前缘高度较术后3 d时下降6~8 mm,Cobb角加大7°~9°,10例出现内固定物松动,3例出现断钉.观察组患者伤椎前后缘高度、Cobb角的改变、螺钉松动及断钉情况等均明显优于对照组.[讨论]经椎弓根椎体内人工骨植骨术可恢复伤椎椎体正常的骨小梁结构,恢复伤椎的生物力学强度,降低后期内固定松动、断裂及矫正度丢失的发生率.     

冠状切口治疗颧上颌复合体骨折23例

[背景]探讨冠状切口手术治疗颧上颌复合体骨折的方法及术中注意事项.[病例报告]采用冠状切口或附加切口对23例颧上颌复合体骨折患者进行手术治疗,术后除1例患者出现上睑下垂外,其余患者面部外形对称、咬合良好、无复视及眼内陷等.[讨论]冠状切口手术治疗颧上颌复合体骨折具有术野清楚、效果可靠及切口隐蔽等优点,是颧上颌复合体骨折的较好的治疗方法.     

高密度多孔聚乙烯片填充治疗爆裂性眼眶骨折

目的：评估高密度多孔聚乙烯片填充治疗爆裂性眼眶骨折的有效性。方法：选择2003年6月至2006年1月，在浙江大学附属第一医院眼科中心就诊的23例眼眶爆裂性骨折患者，进行高密度多孔聚乙烯片修复眶壁缺损并纠正眼球内陷。观察患者手术前后视力、眼球突出度、复视和眼位变化。结果：23例患者术后均未出现患眼视力明显下降和视力丧失，眼球内陷度数为（1．7±0．5）mm，与术前（3．9±1．2）mm比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后1个月10例患者复视完全消失，11例患者第一眼位无复视，但仍有周边复视，2例术后第一眼位复视仍存在。术后22例患者眼球各方向运动基本正常，但有1例患者术后出现眼位上移，下转轻度受限，2周后恢复正常。结论：高密度多孔聚乙烯片填充治疗爆裂性眼眶骨折安全有效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折疗效观察

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效及应用价值。方法36例骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者45个椎体，在C型臂X线透视下，取俯卧位，经皮穿刺，在病椎注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。术前及术后3d进行疼痛视觉类比评分（VAS评分），并进行统计学分析。结果治疗后36例患者疼痛较治疗前有明显好转，VAS评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；活动能力也有不同程度改善；部分椎体的前缘和椎体中部高度有一定恢复。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折止痛效果明显，能很快改善患者的活动能力，早期下床活动。该手术属微创手术，在骨科临床有一定的应用前景。     

Primary total hip arthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck: Medium-term functional and radiographic outcomes

The number of complications after primary total hip arthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck is higher than that after operations for osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the number of complications and mid-term functional and radiological findings of patients after primary THA for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. Between 1995 and 1998, we operated on a total of 89 patients for acute displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck, i.e. Garden Type 3 and 4. In all the patients we evaluated intraoperative and early postoperative complications. We reviewed clinical and radiological results in 65 patients. The only intraoperative complication was abruption of the greater trochanter. Early postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (15%). The specific complications, THA dislocation, occurred in 3 patients. Non-specific complications were recorded in 10 patients. No delayed healing of the surgical wound, neural lesion or early, delayed or late infection was recorded. Of 65 patients followed-up for an average of 78 months (range, 62–109 months), 8 patients underwent revision surgery. Of 57 patients with primary THA, very good and good clinical results according to the Harris Hip Score were recorded in 48 patients (84%) and poor results in only 2 patients (4%). Nine of 57 followed-up patients showed radiological signs of loosening (16%). The radiolucent line could be seen in 3 patients in the region of the cup, in 1 patient in the region of the femoral component and in 5 patients in both components. Clinical complaints that would result in indication for reimplantation were recorded in none of the mentioned patients. Number of complications, functional results and resumption of full self-reliance by patients after THA for an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck are so positive that we consider the indication of THA for a displaced femoral neck fracture fully justified.     

股骨近端带锁髓内钉与动力加压髋螺钉系统治疗股骨转子间骨折疗效分析

【目的】比较股骨转子间骨折应用股骨近端带锁髓内钉（PFN）与动力加压髋螺钉系统（PHS）内固定治疗效果，探讨这两种治疗方式在股骨转子间骨折的治疗意义。【方法】2001年1月-2004年5月在我院骨科接受PFN或DHS治疗并随访的股骨转子间骨折患者计57例，其中PFN组34例，DHS组23例，从手术时间、术中X线暴露次数、术中出血量、术中并发症、术后引流量、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症等方面比较两组结果。【结果】PFN组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量等方面明显优于DHS组，但术中X线暴露次数增加，在术中、术后并发症方面二者无明显差别。【结论】对A1型骨折二者均可应用，治疗效果无差别；A2型、A3型更适合应用PFN固定。     

胫骨平台骨折53例手术治疗方法探讨

目的 探讨胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗方法.方法 对手术治疗胫骨平台骨折53例的资料进行回顾性分析,按照Schatzker分型,53例均行切开复位内固定,Schatzker分类Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型者同时予以植骨.结果 43例随访10～35个月,按Merchant评分标准,优良率为85.9%.结论 不同类型的胫骨平台骨折应采用不同的手术方法,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型患者应予植骨.