贵阳市妇幼保健院120例住院患者抗菌药物使用情况调查

目的:了解我院抗菌药物的使用情况,为抗菌药物的合理使用和科学管理提供依据.方法:从不同科室随机抽取出院患者病历120份进行综合分析.结果:我院120例住院患者使用抗菌药物以青霉素类、头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类为主,大多数抗菌药物用药剂量相对合理,抗茵药物应用率较高(83.33％),联合用药普遍,抗菌药物治疗病例微生物标本送检率合格(58.82％),围术期抗菌药物使用率为100％,对预防性使用抗菌药物的依赖性过大.结论:我院住院患者抗菌药物使用仍存在一些不合理现象,对存在的问题应制定相应的措施.     

230例心脏支架植入患者用药分析

目的分析心脏支架植入患者的用药情况,为临床用药提供参考。方法以2008年心脏内科支架植入患者住院病历中长期医嘱、临时医嘱为依据,以用药频度排序、用药金额排序法进行统计分析。结果用药频度排序前5位的药品是硫酸氢氯吡格雷片、肠溶阿司匹林片、注射用左卡尼汀、单硝酸异山梨酯片、美托洛尔片,用药金额排序前5位的药品是注射用左卡尼汀、疏血通注射液、碘海醇注射液、低分子肝素钙注射液、注射用头孢哌酮他唑巴坦,用药种类排序前3位的药物是循环系统用药、抗微生物药物、中枢神经系统用药。结论所调查的心脏支架植入患者的抗微生物药物使用不符合《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,疏血通注射液、注射用左卡尼汀使用剂量偏大,疗程偏长。临床应减少心脏支架植入患者的辅助治疗药物,规范使用抗菌药物,减轻患者经济负担。     

我院门诊镇静催眠药应用情况分析

目的:了解我院门诊处方镇静催眠药的应用情况。方法:随机抽取我院2008年3月49791张门诊处方中镇静催眠药处方1317张,分析应用频次排序列前5位药物的用药合理性。结果:应用频次列前5位的镇静催眠药分别为阿普唑仑片、艾司唑仑片(舒乐安定)、劳拉西泮片(罗拉)、唑吡坦片(思诺思)和氯硝西泮片,其药物利用指数值分别为0.54、0.73、0.19、0.81及0.53。结论:我院镇静催眠药应用剂量较合理,与药品说明书所列适应证的相符率较高。     

我院2008年门诊麻醉性镇痛药使用调查分析

目的了解我院门诊麻醉性镇痛药的使用情况。方法以WHO推荐的限定日剂量（DDD）、药物利用指数（DUI）为指标,对我院2008年门诊麻醉处方的相关数据进行统计、分析。结果我院门诊使用的麻醉性镇痛药中,硫酸吗啡控释片的处方数、处方金额和用药频度均位居首位。结论我院门诊麻醉性镇痛药用药结构合理,基本符合《癌症患者三阶梯止痛疗法的指导原则》。     

我院2006—2008年麻醉药品应用分析

目的了解我院麻醉药品临床应用情况及用药趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用限定日剂量（DDD）和药物利用指数（DUI）为指标对我院FUGLEHIS系统提供的2006—2008年麻醉药品的应用数据进行统计和分析。结果我院麻醉药品的用量及销售金额逐年增加,芬太尼注射液的用药频度连续3年居第一位,硫酸吗啡缓释片浃施康定）的用药频度连续3年居第二位。结论我院麻醉药品应用基本合理,但尚存在不足之处,应进一步加强对麻醉药品应用的干预和管理。     

我院住院患儿麻醉药品应用情况分析

目的：了解我院麻醉药品应用情况。方法：收集2007年3月-2008年2月住院患儿麻醉药品应用的临床资料并进行分析。结果：我院常用的6种麻醉药品中,芬太尼DDDs较高,6种麻醉药品的DUI均〈1。结论：调查分析显示。我院住院药房麻醉药品应用合理。     

Symbolic Interaction Theory: A Perspective on Drug Abuse and Its Treatment

Symbolic interaction theory is employed to explain the etiology of drug abuse and addiction. Selected interactionist concepts, which are especially pertinent to an understanding of drug abuse, are considered in relation to current drug abuse theory and the literature on the characteristics of drug abusers. The implications of this theoretical perspective for treatment are considered.     

DUI recidivism by intervention adherence: a multiple risk factor approach

ABSTRACT

Background: Multi-component impaired driving interventions can reduce driving under the influence (DUI) recidivism rates; however, outcomes are better for those who complete the interventions and are adherent with program expectations. Research is needed to examine the differences between DUI offenders who are adherent vs. non-adherent to intervention efforts. Objective: The current study utilized a multi-risk factor model to predict recidivism among first-time DUI offenders enrolled in an intervention program. Differences between offenders who were adherent (including program completion) vs. non-adherent with the intervention were examined. Method: Using data from the Mississippi Alcohol Safety Education Program (MASEP) and state administrative records, the current study examined both recidivism rates and rates of intervention completion for all individuals enrolled in the program. The sample was predominantly White (58.8%) and male (80.2%). Results: Individuals who were adherent with the intervention were significantly less likely to recidivate within 3 years. Prior traffic or other criminal violations positively predicted recidivism rates. The likelihood of recidivism varied, with males, African Americans, and younger individuals with less education at greater risk of recidivism. Adherence with the intervention was more common for African American and older participants. Conclusion: The MASEP participants who were adherent with the intervention were significantly less likely to recidivate than those who were non-adherent. However, variance in the multi-component intervention completion rates suggests that the program resonates better with specific population subsets. We argue for researchers and policymakers to further explore how specific population subsets react to varying intervention programs to maximize efforts to reduce impaired driving.     

老年患者治疗药物利用的研究及处方分析

目的：了解老年患者用药的合理性。方法：对３个月门诊２０１２张老年患者处方情况进行了ＤＤＤ和ＤＵＩ分析。结果：在使用的２９１种药物中，多数ＤＵＩ≤１．０，且药和的使用与性别有关。结论：老年患者治疗药物的利用较为合理。提示：如何规定合适的ＤＤＤ和ＤＵＩ来判断药物使用的合理性，如何反映药物的选用有无适应症，是否首选，值得探讨。     

我院非甾体抗炎药物门诊处方利用调查及分析

目的：对我院门诊处方中非甾体抗炎药物利用进行调查，以了解医生处方习惯，监测用药的合理性及药物利用趋势。方法：随机抽取30349张处方，采用药物利用度指数（drug utilization index)DUI分析。结果：30349张门诊处方含非甾体类抗炎药物处方为2296张，占处方总数的7.55%，极大多数药物的DUI≤1。结论：表明我院门诊非甾体类抗炎药物利用基本合理。