荷重多锚锚泊系统分析

多锚锚泊系统需要很长的锚链长度,并且初始锚链张力也很大。但是我们总希望给锚链—个较小的初始张力,当浮体发生位移时,恢复力迅速增加,而荷重多锚锚泊系统就具有这种特点。     

Adaptation Pathways in Coastal Case Studies: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Climate change adaptation presents a difficult challenge for coastal towns around the world, forcing local governments to plan for sea level rise in a contentious decision-making space. The concept of “adaptation pathways,” a diagnostic and analytical tool to assist in adaptive planning and decision-making, is gaining traction as a way of framing and informing climate adaptation. It provides decisionmakers a way to acknowledge the inter-temporal complexities and uncertainties associated with the novel dynamics of climate change and a mechanism to manage these challenges in the local context. In 2012, the Australian Government funded an 18-month program to provide decisionmakers in the coastal zone an opportunity to test the utility of the adaptation pathways concept for coastal climate adaptation. Using a selection of completed projects as case studies, we performed a document analysis to better understand the learnings from the projects. The main themes surrounded: (1) the utility of the adaptation pathway framework in developing options, (2) decision-making rationale and criteria, and (3) stakeholder participation in pathway development. A project participant survey was developed to further understand these themes. Our analysis reveals that “adaptation pathways” was generally framed narrowly and conservatively to emphasize extant economic, administrative and legal considerations over community, participatory, or exploratory ones. Although some case study projects were able to reach a point in the pathway discussion to actively involve stakeholders in their decision-making process, many case studies continued to build technical data as a method for defending policies and actions. These results indicate that coastal adaptation can take-up adaptation pathways as a useful concept for decision-making and planning; however, many councils may still require assistance in stakeholder communication processes in order to develop sociallyacceptable plans that take into account the full range of values affecting local coastal environments.     

压实黄土的工程力学性质研究

用常规击实方法制备不同夯击功能下的土样,来研究压实黄土的工程力学性质。试验结果表明:压实黄土的压缩模量、粘聚力及内摩擦角随击实功的增大而增大;不同击实功下土样的强度随龄期基本呈增长趋势,但其增长幅度与试验过程中的压应力大小有关;同一龄期土样的粘聚力随击实功变化幅度较大,而内摩擦角随击实功变化较小。     

针对站点人流爆发的公交运营策略优化研究（双语出版）

为应对公交大力发展情形下涌现的公交供需不平衡问题,重点关注公交站点爆发性人流问题的解决,考虑供需严重失衡下的公交运营策略改进,以扩充线路公交运力,减轻站点爆发性人流对公交系统的冲击。所提人流爆发站点主要包括大型集会场所、商场及景区周边等具有预知性人流爆发可能的站点。运营策略改进方法主要是通过在原有公交线路基础上,布设区间小线路的方式,与大线路形成协调运营关系,共同完成线路站点的爆发性人流疏散,具体包括公交大线路运营优化、区间小线路规划及前二者的结合3种。为获得研究区域内全面、有效的线路运营策略,以社会福利最大化为目标建立非线性整数规划模型,求解大、小线路最优发车间隔及增配车辆数,并引进系统弹复性指数作为模型求解结果良莠的评价指标。为证明该运营策略优化方法的有效性,以哈尔滨市中心城区为研究区域,解决该区域站点人流爆发问题。通过模型构建、求解及结果评价,发现经策略改进后,区域爆发线路弹复性指数较优化之前提高35%,运营策略改进后的社会福利值较不优化情况提高2倍,所提运营策略优化方法在不同乘客规模及不同限制条件下均能够起到一定的系统维稳作用,运营策略改进方法能够缓解站点爆发性人流。     

回弹法在高强混凝土强度检测中所出问题的解决

在公路桥梁工程高强混凝土强度无损检测中,经常出现回弹值超出换算范围和换算值偏离过大的问题,故有必要对所出现问题的原因及解决办法进行探讨,从而为公路桥梁工程检测提供精确的数据。     

路用聚丙烯纤维混凝土的增韧试验及机理研究

参照ASTM C 1018韧度指数法,选用极值点作为特征点,对路用聚丙烯纤维混凝土进行试验,对比不同掺量的聚丙烯纤维对不同强度混凝土的增韧效果,得出了聚丙烯纤维的最佳掺量为4 kg/m3,且对低强度混凝土的增韧效果好于高强度混凝土的结论。并从理论上探讨了聚丙烯纤维对混凝土阻裂增韧的作用机理。     

Leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory to build climate resilience in transport infrastructure

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic climate change poses risks to transport infrastructure that include disrupted operations, reduced lifespan and increased reconstruction and maintenance costs. Efforts to decrease the vulnerability of transport networks have been largely limited to understanding projected risks through governance and administrative efforts. Where physical adaptation measures have been implemented, these have typically aligned with a traditional “engineering resilience” approach of increasing the strength and rigidity of assets to withstand the impacts of climate change and maintain a stable operating state. Such systems have limited agility and are susceptible to failure from “surprise events”. Addressing these limitations, this paper considers an alternate approach to resilience, inspired by natural ecosystems that sense conditions in real-time, embrace multi-functionality and evolve in response to changing environmental conditions. Such systems embrace and thrive on unpredictability and instability. This paper synthesises key literature in climate adaptation and socio-ecological resilience theory to propose a shift in paradigm for transport infrastructure design, construction and operation, towards engineered systems that can transform, evolve and internally manage vulnerability. The authors discuss the opportunity for biomimicry (innovation inspired by nature) as an enabling discipline for supporting resilient and regenerative infrastructure, introducing three potential tools and frameworks. The authors conclude the importance of leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory, building on the achievements in engineering resilience over the past century. These findings have immediate practical applications in redefining resilience approaches for new transport infrastructure projects and transport infrastructure renewal.     

基于模拟退火的路基土动态回弹模量建模研究

针对湖南省西部山区某高速公路路基土,开展了一系列动态回弹模量试验,分析了应力状态对动态回弹模量的影响规律,提出了基于模拟退火进行回弹模量预估模型参数全局化搜索的方法,开发了相关建模程序,并与常规等效线性法建模的进行了对比。研究结果表明,围压和偏应力均对路基土的动态回弹模量均有显著影响,利用开发的模拟退火参数搜索程序,可以实现各种回弹模量模型的参数搜索,有助于克服等效线性法的缺点,能更便捷、准确地建立回弹模量预估模型。     

Impact analysis of climate change on rail systems for adaptation planning: A UK case

Climate change poses critical challenges for rail infrastructure and operations. However, the systematic analysis of climate risks and the associated costs of tackling them, particularly from a quantitative perspective, is still at an embryonic phase due to the kaleidoscopic nature of climate change impacts and lack of precise climatic data. To cope with such challenges, an advanced Fuzzy Bayesian Reasoning (FBR) model is applied in this paper to understand climate threats of the railway system. This model ranks climate risks under high uncertainty in data and comprehensively evaluates these risks by taking account of infrastructure resilience and specific aspects of severity of consequence. Through conducting a nationwide survey on the British railway system, it dissects the status quo of primary climate risks. The survey implies that the top potential climate threats are heavy precipitation and floods. The primary risks caused by the climate threats are bridges collapsing and bridge foundation damage due to flooding and landslips. The findings can aid transport planners to prioritise climate risks and develop rational adaptation measures and strategies.     

级配砂砾柔性基层的级配设计与施工技术

为了充分利用天然砂砾材料降低公路工程造价,完善级配砂砾柔性基层路面结构的设计和施工,结合西藏地区国道318线聂樟段试验路,分析了级配砂砾基层强度形成原理,以工地原材料为基础进行了级配设计,并确定了最佳含水量和回弹模量值。通过试验段的铺设,进一步完善了级配砂砾的施工工艺。