坨五站中间乳化层快速增长原因及治理方案

胜利采油厂坨五站高含水(95％)原油化学预脱水中，二级沉降罐内油水相之间的中间乳化层增长迅速，引起了一系列问题。现场调查和大量室内测试结果表明，产生这一现象的原因有：油溶性破乳剂WD-1加入点不合理。有2／3的含水原油在通过油水分离器之后才与破乳剂混合；二级沉降罐进油口伸入油相内，油流的冲击达不到中间层；WD-1对坨五站混合原油中的稠油破乳脱水性能欠佳，不能适应坨五站混合原油组成和含水的变化。针对上述各种原因筛选出了性能更好的一种破乳剂1916。根据确定的几种原因采取了相应的措施：将破乳剂加入点改在3个并联油水分离器之前；将二级沉降罐的进油口移到水相内；改用筛选出的破乳剂1916，结果使中间乳化层的增长受到了抑制。图2表4参2。     

巴彦浩特探区钻井液技术初探

巴彦浩特探区钻井液工艺技术的重点是，解决疏松砂砾岩地层水涌漏同层、侏罗系地层水的HCO3^-污染及可能出现的火成岩地层井塌复杂。结合内蒙古巴彦浩特探区地层和井身结构特点，采用了两性聚合物／氯化钾钻井液和氯化钾／石膏-聚磺钻井液体系。该体系抑制能力强，性能稳定．容易实现低固相、低密度近平衡钻井，保护储层效果好。对复杂情况采取了有针对性的处理办法：平稳操作和合理的钻井工程措施是预防水层涌漏同层和火成岩井塌复杂的重要手段；用井场易得的固井水泥或石膏配合烧碱处理HCO3^-污染简便易行；处理火成岩井塌复杂，控制合适的钻井液性能是必要的。     

Allocation of Scarce Water Resources Using Deficit Irrigation in Rotational Systems

On irrigation schemes with rotational irrigation systems in semiarid tropics, the existing rules for water allocation are based on applying a fixed depth of water with every irrigation irrespective of the crops, their growth stages, and soils on which these crops are grown. However, when water resources are scarce, it is necessary to allocate water optimally to different crops grown in the irrigation scheme taking account of different soils in the command area. Allocating water optimally may lead to applying less water to crops than is needed to obtain the maximum yield. In this paper, a three stage approach is proposed for allocating water from a reservoir optimally based on a deficit irrigation approach, using a simulation-optimization model. The allocation results with a deficit irrigation approach are compared for a single crop (wheat) in an irrigation scheme in India, first with full irrigation (irrigation to fill the root zone to field capacity) and second with the existing rule. The full irrigation with a small irrigation interval was equivalent to adequate irrigation (no stress to the crop). It is found that practicing deficit irrigation enables the irrigated area and the total crop production in the irrigation scheme used for the case study to be increased by about 30–45% and 20–40%, respectively, over the existing rule and by 50 and 45%, respectively, over the adequate irrigation. Allocation of resources also varied with soil types.     

高压水射流技术粉碎原盐的研究

以原盐为被粉碎研究对象,通过对高压水射流粉碎原盐形貌的观察和成分分析、高压水射流原盐粉碎性能分析,以及高压水射流粉碎原盐各影响因素的正交分析,研究表明高压水射流粉碎技术对原盐具有良好的解理性且粉碎效率高、耗能低。各因素对原盐粉碎效果的影响顺序为:射流压力卤水喷嘴直径、料液混合喷嘴直径、靶面形状。     

低松装密度水雾化铜粉工艺的研究

本文研究了氧化 还原法生产铜粉的新工艺 ,该工艺是通过氧化还原将水雾化铜粉加以表面改性 ,形成海绵状的粉末 ,显著降低水雾化铜粉的松装密度 ,这种铜粉既具有电解铜粉低的松装密度 ,又具有水雾化铜粉高的流动性。讨论了氧化时间、氧化温度对铜粉松装密度的影响。本工艺是一种新型环保、节能、可替代电解法生产铜粉的先进工艺     

低渗透油田套管损坏机理分析及防治措施

在注水开发油田,油水井套管损坏是一种极为普遍的现象,但又各具特点.通过对鄯善油田套管损坏井的自身特点进行统计、归纳,深入分析低渗透砂岩油藏套管变形影响因素和作用机理,提出了套管损坏井的预防及相应治理措施.     

An investigation of the unstable region for dense phase conveying in sliding bed flow

For fine powdered materials, capable of being conveyed in dense phase, a conveying region exists in which instability in flow and pipeline blockage can occur if the pressure gradient available is insufficient to maintain a minimum value of solids loading ratio. A reduction in material flow rate can also lead to pipeline blockage in this region. Conveying trials under-taken with cement are used to illustrate the nature of the problem.     

运用模糊数学原理估算水利水电工程的成本

为了适应水利水电工程成本快速估价的需要,提出了一种建立在模糊数学基本原理基础上的估价模型,克服了工程量清单计价方法计算繁琐的缺点。通过实例说明了该方法的科学性、合理性及实用性。     

建(构)筑物机械拆除方法综述

介绍了几种常用的建(构)筑物机械拆除方法,对其工作原理、特点、应用条件及局限性加以分析和说明。     

山西铝厂锅炉水冷壁膨胀异常原因分析及对策

针对山西铝厂160t／h锅炉在实际运行中膨胀异常的问题，对不同的施工方法下，水冷壁膨胀量是否正常这一问题进行分析，找出了水冷壁膨胀异常的原因，并提出了解决对策。