流动液体中夹杂物超声去除的影响因素

以高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）颗粒和水形成的悬浮液为研究体系。考察了有无超声波作用下。介质流量、夹杂物数量以及夹杂物的粒径对总去除率、上浮去除率、壁面粘附去除率的影响。实验结果表明，在短时间内（30s)超声波对流动液体中的夹杂物具有明显的去除效果。总去除率达93％。夹杂物的总去除率随着超声波输入电功率的增大而提高；超声波对较多数量或较大粒径的夹杂物去除效果更显著。超声波作用下流动液体中的夹杂物比静止液体中的更容易去除。超声波对流动液体中夹杂物去除效果的去除机理主要是通过气泡捕获夹杂物，超声空化效应产生直接包裹夹杂物的气泡以及通过夹杂物碰撞凝聚使夹杂物容易上浮实现去除。     

四川盆地含膏盐红层特征及坝基工程地质问题(Ⅱ)

本文探讨了四川盆地含膏盐红层类岩溶作用引起的坝基工程地质问题,首先是地下水化学成分的改变及其对水工结构混凝土的腐蚀作用及坝基渗漏问题,然后确定了表征类岩溶作用强度的类岩溶强度因子(k).最后,通过类岩溶岩体Vp与主要岩体工程力学指标,诸如:允许承载力fak、抗剪(断)摩擦系数f(f')、变形模量(E0)的回归关系,探讨了类岩溶作用对坝基岩体弱化的作用.     

Classification of Fuzzy Mathematical Morphologies Based on Concepts of Inclusion Measure and Duality

Mathematical morphology was originally conceived as a set theoretic approach for the processing of binary images. Extensions of classical binary morphology to gray-scale morphology include approaches based on fuzzy set theory. This paper discusses and compares several well-known and new approaches towards gray-scale and fuzzy mathematical morphology. We show in particular that a certain approach to fuzzy mathematical morphology ultimately depends on the choice of a fuzzy inclusion measure and on a notion of duality. This fact gives rise to a clearly defined scheme for classifying fuzzy mathematical morphologies. The umbra and the level set approach, an extension of the threshold approach to gray-scale mathematical morphology, can also be embedded in this scheme since they can be identified with certain fuzzy approaches.

柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设战略研究

盐湖产业事关我国粮食安全,也是新能源和新材料产业的重要支撑。柴达木盆地是中国盐湖产业的核心,建设其产业生态文明重要而迫切。为推进柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设,做强中国盐湖产业,本文从柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设的现状出发,辨识产业生态文明建设面临的严峻挑战,提出了盐湖产业生态文明建设的四大战略。     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.     

Controlled chemical modification of the internal surface of photonic crystal fibers for application as biosensitive elements

Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are one of the most promising materials for creation of constructive elements for bio-, drug and contaminant sensing based on unique optical properties of the PCF as effective nanosized optical signal collectors. In order to provide efficient and controllable binding of biomolecules, the internal surface of glass hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) has been chemically modified with silanol groups and functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). The shift of local maxima in the HC-PCF transmission spectrum has been selected as a signal for estimating the amount of silanol groups on the HC-PCF inner surface. The relationship between amount of silanol groups on the HC-PCF inner surface and efficiency of following APTES functionalization has been evaluated. Covalent binding of horseradish peroxidase (chosen as a model protein) on functionalized PCF inner surface has been performed successively, thus verifying the possibility of creating a biosensitive element.     

微镁处理对铸态低碳钢中夹杂物和组织的影响

在实验室条件下,对低碳钢进行微镁处理,以SEM-EDS和金相显微镜为表征手段,通过与空白样的对比,研究钢中夹杂物、组织的演变过程。结果表明:微镁处理使得夹杂物从Al_2O_3转变为Mg-Al-O复合夹杂物,并且其尺寸明显细化,密度显著增加。组织分析表明:Mg-Al复合夹杂物能够诱导晶内针状铁素体形核,并且在这些夹杂物附近的铁基体中存在贫锰区。理论分析认为这促进了晶内针状铁素体的形核,结晶核心起源于复合夹杂物中镁铝尖晶石的镁空位。     

Overview of the applications of thermodynamic databases to steelmaking processes

Computerized thermodynamic databases for solid and liquid steel, slags and solid oxide solutions, for large numbers of components, have been developed over the last three decades by critical evaluation/optimization of all available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data. The databases contain model parameters specifically developed for molten slags, liquid and solid steel and solid oxide solutions. With user-friendly software, which accesses these databases, complex chemical reactions and phase equilibria occurring throughout the steelmaking process can be calculated over wide ranges of temperature, oxygen potential and pressure. In the present article, the thermodynamic models and databases for molten slag and liquid steel included in well-known thermochemical packages and their applications to complex steelmaking processes involving molten slag, steel, inclusions, refractories and gases are reviewed.     

Sliding mode control for polytopic differential inclusion systems

The stabilization problem of polytopic differential inclusion (PDI) systems is investigated by using sliding mode control. Sliding surface is designed and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of sliding mode dynamics are derived. A novel feedback law is established to make the state of system reach the sliding surface in a finite time. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed design.