Biophotofuel cell anode containing self-organized titanium dioxide nanotube array

We made a biophotofuel cell consisting of a titanium dioxide nanotube array photosensitive anode for biomass decomposition, and a low-hydrogen overpotential metal, Pt, as the cathode for hydrogen production. The titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO₂ NTs) were prepared via electrochemical oxidation of pure Ti in NaF solutions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology of the nanotubes. The average diameter, wall thickness and length of the as-prepared TiO₂ NTs were 88 ± 16 nm, 10 ± 2 nm and 491 ± 56 nm, respectively. Such dimensions are affected by the NaF concentration and the applied voltage during processing. Higher NaF concentrations result in the formation of longer and thicker nanotubes. The higher the voltage is, the thicker the nanotubes. The photosensitive anode made from the highly ordered TiO₂ NTs has good photo-catalytic property, as can be seen from the test results of ethanol, apple vinegar, sugar and tissue paper decomposition under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is concluded that the biophotofuel cell with the TiO₂ nanotube photoanode and a Pt cathode can generate electricity, hydrogen and clean water depending on the pH value and the oxygen presence in the solutions.     

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)新型纳米稀土催化剂的制备与性质

采用超声共沉淀法制备了多孔状稀土合金氧化物前驱体,将其与CaH2/H2进行低温还原扩散反应得到合金粉样品,并采用TEM、XRD、电化学工作站测定了样品的粒径、晶相变化及其电催化性能,探讨了稀土合金催化剂的微观形貌、晶相结构和电催化性能之间的关系。TEM、XRD测试结果表明样品粒径均匀,颗粒大小约20nm。在此合金粉上化学修饰Pt后用作质子交换膜燃料电池的阳极催化剂,组装成单电池进行电催化性能评价,测试结果表明具有良好的氢传质动力,提高PMEFC在室温下操作时的功率输出。     

均匀化退火对铝合金阳极活化性能的影响

通过添加适量的Ga,In,Sn,Bi,Pb,Mn等合金元素制备了活化性能优良的七元铝合金阳极;采用极化曲线测试并结合扫描电子显微镜分析技术,研究了均匀化退火对铝阳极活化性能的影响.结果表明:退火温度低于400℃时,晶体缺陷的大量减少是导致铝阳极活性变化的主导因素,铝阳极活性随退火温度提高而降低;退火温度高于400℃后,析出相大量固溶成为导致铝阳极活性变化的主导因素,铝阳极活化性能随退火温度提高而增强.整个退火过程中,晶体缺陷的变化对铝合金阳极活性改变影响最大.     

自来水和淡海水介质中高活化铝合金牺牲阳极的电化学性能

在室温下用自放电法和在高温下用恒电流法分别测定了２ 种不同成分的高活化铝合金牺牲阳极在自来水和淡海水（１ ％ 海水＋ ９９ ％ 蒸馏水,体积比） 介质中的电化学性能,并与商用镁阳极的进行了比较。结果表明,铝阳极在淡水中的电化学性能较好,有望通过改进Ａｓ 铝阳极的成分配方及加工工艺,将之推广应用到热水器和锅炉水系统中。     

锂离子电池石墨负极微结构数值重建及特征化分析

实际锂离子电池石墨负极由鳞片状石墨层叠而成, 具有明显的各向异性。本文基于椭球颗粒的模拟退火法对其进行三维微结构数值重建。重建微结构乃三相(孔或电解液、石墨和固体添加物)复合结构, 很好地再现了实际电极各向异性特征。对重构电极进行特征化分析, 得到了电极内固/孔相的连通率、比表面积以及孔径分布等信息; 发现石墨颗粒尺寸对电极特性有重要的影响: 椭球形石墨颗粒尺寸越大, 则重建微结构的平均孔径越大, 比表面积越小; 相对于赤道半径, 椭球颗粒的极半径对重建电极特性的影响更为明显。     

Yolk–Shell MnO@ZnMn2O4/N–C Nanorods Derived from α‐MnO2/ZIF‐8 as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Manganese oxides (MnO_x) are promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries, but they generally exhibit mediocre performances due to intrinsic low ionic conductivity, high polarization, and poor stability. Herein, yolk–shell nanorods comprising of nitrogen‐doped carbon (N–C) coating on manganese monoxide (MnO) coupled with zinc manganate (ZnMn₂O₄) nanoparticles are manufactured via one‐step carbonization of α‐MnO₂/ZIF‐8 precursors. When evaluated as anodes for lithium ion batteries, MnO@ZnMn₂O₄/N–C exhibits an reversible capacity of 803 mAh g^?1 at 50 mA g^?1 after 100 cycles, excellent cyclability with a capacity of 595 mAh g^?1 at 1000 mAg^?1 after 200 cycles, as well as better rate capability compared with those non‐N–C shelled manganese oxides (MnO_x). The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique yolk–shell nanorod structure, the coating effect of N–C and nanoscale size.     

锂离子电池C-Sn-金属复合负极材料的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池碳材料与锡基合金复合材料的发展现状,总结了C-Sn二元复合材料的主要种类,并分析了它们作为负极材料的电化学性能特点;同时阐述了C-Sn-金属三元复合材料的发展,这种复合材料结合了碳材料的循环稳定性和合金材料的高比容量的优势,是具有发展前景的新型锂离子电池负极材料。     

中空海胆状结构的碳包覆Fe2O3用作锂离子电池的高性能负极材料

Fe2O3由于成本低廉,储量丰富和理论比容量高(1007 mA hg^-1)等特点,在锂离子电池负极材料的应用中极具发展前景.然而一些问题仍然存在,如:充放电过程中比容量的迅速衰减,不可逆的体积膨胀以及较短的循环寿命等.这些问题严重制约了Fe2O3在锂离子电池中的实际应用.为了突破这些局限,本文以金属-有机骨架(MOF...     

碳酸亚铁的制备及电化学性能

以Fe SO4·7H2O和尿素为原料,通过水热法一步制备负极材料碳酸亚铁(FeCO3)。用XRD、SEM、恒流充放电和循环伏安测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行分析。制备的Fe CO3为菱铁矿结构。以200 m A/g的电流在0.05~3.00 V充放电,FeCO3负极的首次放电比容量为1 146 m Ah/g,经过50次循环,放电比容量保持在559 m Ah/g。     

添加剂对铝阳极电化学性能的影响

为了提高铝的耐蚀性以及活化性能,用电化学方法研究了在4 mol/L KOH溶液中,添加剂Ca(OH)2、C4H4O6KNa以及Na2SnO3对铝阳极(99.999%)电化学性能的影响.结果表明:添加饱和Ca(OH)2 C4H4O6KNa能有效抑制腐蚀,当c(C4H4O6KNa)=15 mmol/L时,Al的缓蚀率达83.54%,且开路电位Eocp负移出现最大值达-1.751 V;添加10 mmol/L Na2SnO3在4 mol/L KOH 15 mmol/L C4H4O6KNa 饱和Ca(OH)2中,不仅使铝的腐蚀速度进一步降低(缓蚀率达86.35%),又能最大程度提高铝阳极的活化,Eocp负移程度最大达-1.800 V.