低温开放体系配阴离子对合成硅基铝多孔材料的影响

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板,六水氯化铝和十八水硫酸铝在低温开放体系分别与正硅酸乙酯直接进行固/液反应,合成非晶结构的铝掺杂氧化硅微介孔材料。并用XRD、HRTEM、SEM/EDS、低温N2吸附、FTIR和原子吸收光谱TAS等技术对产物的结构和吸附性能进行表征。探讨了微介孔的形成机理。结果表明,在酸性和阳离子表面活性剂共存条件下,所制得的铝掺杂氧化硅微介孔材料呈不规则形状,其孔壁均为无定型;掺杂金属铝进入氧化硅晶格。铝源中配阴离子不仅影响材料的物相织构、材料的元素组成,而且还影响其吸附性能。     

Predicting the Detonation Velocity of CHNO Explosives by a Simple Method

A simplified method is shown, based on a semi‐empirical procedure, to estimate the detonation velocities of CHNO explosives at various loading densities. It is assumed that the product composition consists almost of CO, CO₂, H₂O and N₂ for oxygen‐rich explosives. In addition solid carbon and H₂ are also counted for an oxygen‐lean explosive. The approximate detonation temperature, as a second needed parameter, can be calculated from the total heat capacity of the detonation products and the heat of formation of the explosive by PM3 procedure. The detonation velocities of some well‐known CHNO explosives, calculated by the simple procedure, fit well with measured detonation velocities and the results from the well‐established BKW‐EOS computer code.     

苏北盆地溱潼凹陷东部斜坡带阜宁组三段沉积层序及砂体预测

苏北盆地溱潼凹陷东部斜坡带阜宁组三段属于古近系充填层系中的晚古新统层系组,为高水位体系域沉积,沉积相组合为三角洲前缘相-包括前缘近端坝、远端坝、分流间湾相砂体夹浅湖-半深湖相泥岩互层。反演结果表明,砂体波组在侧向上具不均一性,指示了自东向西进积沉积特征。砂组空间分布具有继承性。     

Geochemical characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation reef dolomites, northeastern Sichuan Basin, China

The recent discovery of deep and ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Permian Changxing Formation reefs, northeastern Sichuan Basin is a significant development in marine carbonate oil & gas exploration in China. Reef dolomites and their origins have been major research topics for sedimentologists and oil & gas geologists. The petrography, trace element and isotope geochemistry of the reef dolomites indicated that the dolomites are characterized by low Sr and Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, very similar δ 13 C and δ 18 O values and very different 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios. Although the calculated results of the fluid mixing suggested that a mixture with 85%-95% meteoric water and 5%-15% seawater seemed to be the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites, the low Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, high δ 13 C values and high homogenization temperatures of the dolomites did not support that there were large proportions of meteoric water in the dolomitization process, and the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios which were close to coeval seawater also did not support the possibility of the mixture of deep-burial circulated fluids from clastic rocks. High temperature deep-burial circulated seawater with low Mn and Fe contents, high Sr content and high δ 13 C values from the dissolution of widely distributed Triassic evaporites during the burial diagenetic processes (including dehydration of water-bearing evaporites) could have been the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites.     

潍北凹陷致密气藏的成藏条件研究

潍北凹陷的区域地质和石油地质研究结果表明,潍北凹陷具备了形成致密气藏的构造、沉积、烃源岩、储层、盖层和圈闭条件,其中最有利的地区和层系为北部洼陷带埋深大于3000m的孔店组二段砂岩。通过对大地构造背景和石油地质条件相似的潍北凹陷和东濮凹陷对比研究发现,这两个凹陷的致密气藏形成条件存在着差异,这些差异主要表现在烃源岩、储层和盖层条件上,其中东濮凹陷致密气藏的形成条件明显优于潍北凹陷。     

Theoretical investigation of intrinsic point defects and the oxygen migration behavior in rare earth hafnates

In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE₂Hf₂O₇ (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO₂ excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE₂O₃ excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the V_O48f - V_O48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity.     

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钻井中，需要对将要钻达的下部地层深度进行预测，特别是在定向井的钻探过程中显得尤为重要。目前的井斜角、方位能不能满足钻达目标靶区的地质需要，或者地下地质情况（地层厚度、倾向、倾角）发生变化后钻井措施的相应改变，以及需要调整改变的钻井参数怎样确定等，都需要经过严密的计算和分析。文章对钻井轨迹和地质情况进行了分析，从地质层位的小层入手，对构造的走向、倾向、倾角，地层的真厚、铅直厚度，钻井的方位、井斜角、实钻地层厚度等参数进行了分析，在三维空间的基础上，建立了实钻的数学模型，明确了各参数间的关系。推导出的公式适用于包括定向井在内的钻井参数计算，可以在地层钻厚预测、深度对比，钻达目标靶区的水平位移及井斜角、方位角的调整，穿越储层厚度的计算及钻井参数的调整，目标靶区是否在气水界面以内及钻达预想海拔高程的钻井参数调整等多个方面进行运用，这对下步钻井达到地质目的具有重要的指导作用。     

波形驱动下多参数约束高分辨率反演方法——以四川盆地渝西地区龙马溪组页岩气为例

基于叠后地震波形指示反演在薄储层预测方面的优势，以及叠前弹性参数较叠后弹性参数信息更丰富、对储层的敏感性更高的特点，根据岩石物理资料，应用地震驱动+储层构型约束的高精度叠前随机反演方法，探寻定量表征优质薄页岩的技术，以期为深层页岩气地质甜点预测提供技术支撑。首先，基于道集波形相似性、AVO特征和空间距离的三变量优选方法提取结构相似的井数据作为空间估值样本，然后建立待判别道集初始模型；其次，以统计的弹性阻抗作为先验信息，应用“基于叠前道集特征指示的马尔科夫链-蒙特卡洛随机模拟算法”进行叠前地震波形指示反演，最终得到高精度的叠前弹性参数反演成果。实际应用表明，应用所提方法有效预测了龙一段一亚段1-2小层优质页岩厚度，基于特征参数的井震高频模拟精确模拟了龙一段一亚段1-2小层地质甜点参数，为页岩气勘探提供了技术支撑。     

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以柴达木盆地南翼山油田中深层凝析气藏为例,论述了该油田裂缝性油气藏的地质特征以及裂缝在钻井、录井中的显著标志及岩心中缝洞发育情况：储层裂缝以断怪和褶皱作用相关的构造裂缝为主,加上地下水沿裂缝溶蚀形成的溶孔或溶洞,构成了现今南册中深层油气藏缝洞储渗系统。缝洞的发育及开启程度主要受构造应力强度与方式、岩性及溶蚀作用等因素的控制;进而了与断怪原裂缝受断裂缝民布规律控制。主要分布在应力强度与方式、岩性及溶     

川东北地区孤立台地飞仙关组优质储层形成主控因素——大气淡水淋滤及渗透回流白云石化

川东北地区在三叠系飞仙关组飞一段-飞二段沉积时期为孤立台地,发育了多个向上变浅的鲕粒滩沉积旋回,且飞二段沉积时期在孤立台地内部形成了膏质泻湖沉积.在孤立台地背景下发育的储层主要岩性为残余鲕粒泥-粉晶白云岩、残余鲕粒粉-细晶白云岩和晶粒白云岩.在向上变浅的鲕粒滩沉积旋回背景下,大气淡水淋滤导致每个向上变浅的旋回自上而下依次为:致密的泥晶白云岩→粒内溶孔(或铸模孔)型残余鲕粒泥-粉晶白云岩→残余粒间溶孔型残余鲕粒粉-细晶白云岩→晶间孔型晶粒白云岩.储层岩石学特征及地球化学分析表明,飞仙关组白云岩储层经历了2期主要的白云石化作用,第一期为渗透回流白云石化作用,第二期为埋藏白云石化作用;渗透回流白云石化增加了岩石强度、抑制压溶和胶结作用,有利于孔隙保存,而埋藏白云石化造成一定的减孔;埋藏溶蚀作用对早期孔隙进行扩溶,增加了储层渗透率,但并不大规模增加储层的整体储集空间.综合分析川东北地区沉积背景、储层岩石学特征、地球化学特征表明,大气淡水淋滤是优质储层形成的先决条件,渗透回流白云石化是优质储层保存的关键因素.