中拐凸起黏土化蚀变火山岩孔隙度评价方法

火山岩物性评价中,黏土化蚀变火山岩孔隙度的定量计算一直是测井解释难题。通过对研究区25口井的测录井资料、薄片分析、全岩矿物等进行分析,优选出对黏土化蚀变反映较为敏感的测井曲线。在测井系列分析的基础上,优化黏土化蚀变指示因子,建立了研究区黏土蚀变程度指数模型,利用黏土蚀变程度指数对黏土化蚀变火山岩的黏土含量进行定量计算,利用体积模型对黏土化蚀变的火山岩孔隙度进行计算。计算结果与分析孔隙度进行对比,精度得到大大提高。该方法较好地解决了黏土化蚀变火山岩孔隙度定量评价问题,对火山岩储层试油选层、油气藏精细评价及后期勘探开发提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

The effect of nanoparticles on wettability alteration for enhanced oil recovery: micromodel experimental studies and CFD simulation

The applications of nanotechnology in oilfields have attracted the attention of researchers to nanofluid injection as a novel approach for enhanced oil recovery. To better understand the prevailing mechanisms in such new displacement scenarios, micromodel experiments provide powerful tools to visually observe the way that nanoparticles may mobilize the trapped oil. In this work, the effect of silicon oxide nanoparticles on the alteration of wettability of glass micromodels was investigated in both experimental and numerical simulation approaches. The displacement experiments were performed on the original water-wet and imposed oil-wet (after aging in stearic acid/n-heptane solution) glass micromodels. The results of injection of nanofluids into the oil-saturated micromodels were then compared with those of the water injection scenarios. The flooding scenarios in the micromodels were also simulated numerically with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was observed. An increase of 9% and 13% in the oil recovery was obtained by nanofluid flooding in experimental tests and CFD calculations, respectively.     

Experimental investigation into Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticle performance and comparison with other nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

Nanofluids because of their surface characteristics improve the oil production from reservoirs by enabling different enhanced recovery mechanisms such as wettability alteration, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, oil viscosity reduction, formation and stabilization of colloidal systems and the decrease in the asphaltene precipitation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the synthesis of a new nanocomposite has been studied in this paper for the first time. It consists of nanoparticles of both SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄. Each nanoparticle has its individual surface property and has its distinct effect on the oil production of reservoirs. According to the previous studies, Fe₃O₄ has been used in the prevention or reduction of asphaltene precipitation and SiO₂ has been considered for wettability alteration and/or reducing IFTs in enhanced oil recovery. According to the experimental results, the novel synthesized nanoparticles have increased the oil recovery by the synergistic effects of the formed particles markedly by activating the various mechanisms relative to the use of each of the nanoparticles in the micromodel individually. According to the results obtained for the use of this nanocomposite, understanding reservoir conditions plays an important role in the ultimate goal of enhancing oil recovery and the formation of stable emulsions plays an important role in oil recovery using this method.     

氧化铝种分槽用长筒放料阀的改进

对原长筒放料阀结构从其结构及成本两个方面进行分析和改进，使阀门更轻巧，更经济，满足了用户的要求。     

烧结单辊破碎机故障分析与改造

单辊破碎机是炼铁烧结系统的重要部件,本文针对单辊破碎机结构形式不能满足生产所需、使用中经常发生设备故障等情况,提出了改进方案,并详细的介绍了改造过程和步骤。改进后的单辊破碎机在实际运行中,工作可靠,维修工作减少,使用寿命延长,达到了预期目的,取得较好的经济效益。     

甘肃北山梧桐井地区遥感蚀变信息提取

梧桐井地区处于塔里木板块一级构造单元,具体位于敦煌地块三级构造单元里。具有优越的成矿地质背景和巨大成矿潜力,已发现一批金、银、铜找矿靶区。该区属于甘肃北山区,地貌属于低山丘陵区,基岩出露,因此在该地区开展遥感找矿的研究是一种便捷、有效、经济的勘查手段。利用ETM遥感数据提取与矿化有关的异常信息,并结合地质资料,区划成矿远景区和圈定找矿靶区,取得了很好的应用效果。     

一种基于改进土地覆盖更新方法的新增建设用地自动提取

快速准确掌握新增建设用地信息对城镇化监测研究具有重要意义。基于后验概率变化矢量检测的土地覆盖更新方法中,存在初始样本准确性低、后验概率变化矢量检测精度不理想的问题,结合多元变化检测方法,对基于后验概率变化矢量检测的更新方法进行改进,提出一种可应用于新增建设用地提取的自动化方法。利用两期影像多元变化检测结果提高初始训练样本的准确性,同时在迭代选择样本过程中加入该变化检测结果,改善变化检测更新和重分类过程的精度,更准确地提取新增建设用地。用两期嘉兴地区高分一号影像和前期影像土地利用/覆盖分类数据验证改进效果,并与改进前方法对比。结果表明：改进方法提取的2017年新增建设用地精度更高,提取更新后的2017年建设用地总体精度达到85%,Kappa系数0.7以上,变化检测精度比未改进前显著提高。同时该方法显著减少了迭代次数,提高了提取效率。     

高水头下不良地质体防渗补强技术研究与应用

针对200 m以上水头下复杂不良地质体的防渗补强技术难题,研发了高强度、高浸润渗透性、高粘结性、可操作时间长、胶凝时间精确可调和环保性能优良的CW系高性能环氧树脂灌浆材料,开发了针对不同受灌体和灌浆工况的水泥-化学复合灌浆精细控制工艺和配套灌浆设备,并形成了高水头下不良地质体处理成套技术。该技术已成功应用于溪洛渡、向家坝、清远抽水蓄能等重点水利水电工程,也可推广应用到交通、矿山等行业,具有广阔的应用前景。     

水文改变指标体系在生态水文研究中的应用综述

回顾了水文改变指标体系的发展历程,详细介绍了水文改变指标体系所包含的水文改变指标、变化范围法和环境流量成分3部分内容,总结了水文改变指标体系在水文情势改变评估、生态环境影响评估、生态环境流量估算等方面的应用;指出水文改变指标体系是一种简便有效的评估工具,在水文情势变化及其生态效应评估和水资源管理实践上具有广泛的应用前景,但水文改变指标体系也存在参数冗余问题,未来发展可以耦合生态水文模型。     

Assessment of hydrologic alteration induced by the Three Gorges Dam in Dongting Lake,China

Water‐level variations are an internal aspect of lake ecosystems that play a key role in structuring aquatic diversity and providing ecosystem services. In this study, the hydrologic alteration of Dongting Lake induced by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) was assessed using indicators of hydrologic alteration and range of variability approach. The results demonstrate a declining trend in autumn water level (0.52–2.26 m) and 5–35 days' advancement for date of minimum annual water level because of the impound of water by the TGD in early autumn. The spatial patterns in the degree of the indicators of hydrologic alteration were different among the sub‐lake regions. Annual minimum water level and timing of annual extreme water level suffered a high degree of alteration in the eastern part of the lake, whereas autumn water level, date of minimum water level, and number of reversals in the western part of the lake showed a high degree of alteration. The average integrated degree of hydrologic alteration (D₀) for Dongting Lake was 50.40%, indicating that the hydrologic regime suffered a moderate alteration. The most ecologically relevant hydrologic indicators are critical for understanding eco‐hydrology. On the basis of principal component analysis, the five selected ecologically relevant hydrologic indicators were 90‐day minimum, date of minimum, high pulse duration, date of maximum, and May water level. Further studies are required to understand the impact of the TGD on water conditions in Dongting Lake, especially related to the response of the aquatic ecosystem.